ALL I NEED IS A REALLY STRONG CONCLUSION
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motivation_theory_week_2_1.pptxMaslow & Arousal Motivation Theory
Maisha, Mauricio Quintanilla , Tanisha Blake, Tara Schwartz, and Tomeka
PYS/355
August 6, 2015
Joseph Wehrman
University of Phoenix
sites.psu.edu
en.wikipedia.org
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Agenda
Introduction
Analyze the major themes of Maslow & Arousal Motivation Theories
Identify the individuals associated with Maslow & Arousal Motivation Theory
Evaluate the effectiveness of Maslow & Arousal Motivation theories in explaining various behaviors
Conclusion
References
www.dreamstime.com
Introduction
Analyze the major themes Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs of Motivation
Bio/Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Love & Belonging Needs
Esteem Needs
Self Actualization Needs
Maslow’s Theory:
Bio/Physio: Encompasses basic innate needs such as water, food, shelter, and air. If one become deficient in these needs, they will behave in ways that help facilitate acquiring those needs.
Safety: Take for example of what some may call a comfort zone. Has to do with establishing and maintaining security or stability. When deficiency in these needs aren’t met one may display behaviors such as anxiety and/or insecurity.
Love & Belonging: This needs deals with relationships and their characteristics such as intimacy, affection, or even just platonic friendships. When one is deficient in these needs they may display feelings of isolation or no sense of belonging.
Esteem Needs: Having to do with where one would stand as it pertains to reputation or social status; self-esteem, achievements. Deficiency in these needs can lead to behaviors that display feelings of illegitimacy.
Self Actualization: This need deals with one’s self realization or the optimization of the same (seeking to be the best that one can be). Deficiency in these needs can have someone in self-improvement mode until the need is met.
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Analyze the major themes Arousal Theory of Motivation
Levels of Arousal
Arousal Needs
Stimulation
Maintenance of Arousal Levels
www.lifecountz.com
Arousal Theory:
Levels of Arousal: As individuals, everyone has multi-arousal needs that have to be kept at certain levels. Increased levels of arousal can have a hand in one’s performance; however, excess can be detrimental.
Arousal Needs: When those levels of arousal needs are deficient, one may display behaviors of wanting to find triggers that stimulate those needs of arousal.
Stimulation: People have and/or search for triggers that stimulate those levels of arousal to maintain a homeostatic feel.
Maintenance: People will tend to adjust as needed when levels get to high or too low. i.e. some may go out for a run or some may take a seat on a couch and relax.
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Identify the individuals associated
Abraham Maslow
Robert M. Yerkes
("Maslow‘s Motivation Theory", n.d.)
(“Bing.com, 2015”)
Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who developed what has now come to be known as the hierarchy of needs. Maslow was born in Brooklyn, NY. He began his higher educational career at City College in NY, then went on to study psychology at the University of Wisconsin. While attending the University of Wisconsin he began studying behavior, and he became a follower of Alfred Adler ("People And Discoveries", 1998).
At each stage of his pyramid are needs that he believed to be motivating factors for people, with the ultimate goal to become self actualized. “Maslow identified certain peak experiences of living (such as maternal child-birth) that are characterized by profound feelings of spontaneity and harmony with the universe. Maslow cites various historical figures as illustrations of self-actualized persons: Beethoven, Einstein, Lincoln, Jefferson, Thoreau, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Walt Whitman” (Maslow's theory of personality, 2006).
Robert M. Yerkes and John Dillingham Dodson together came up with the Yerkes-Dodson law, also known as the Arousal theory of motivation.
Robert M. Yerkes was another American born psychologist, born in Pennsylvania. He obtained his PhD. In Psychology in 1902 from Harvard University. After graduation he worked as assistant Professor and Professor at a couple colleges, including Harvard. He began working with Army recruits during WWI where he developed the first personality test. From there he went on to develop the Arousal theory of motivation along with John D. Dodson (“about.com”, 2015).
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The effectiveness of Maslow theory in explaining various behaviors
(a) Experiencing life like a child, with full absorption and concentration;
(b) Trying new things instead of sticking to safe paths;
(c) Listening to your own feelings in evaluating experiences instead of the voice of tradition, authority or the majority;
(d) Avoiding pretense ('game playing') and being honest;
(e) Being prepared to be unpopular if your views do not coincide with those of the majority;
(f) Taking responsibility and working hard;
(g) Trying to identify your defenses and having the courage to give them up.
Behavior leading to self-actualization:
en.wikipedia.org
“The characteristics of self-actualizers and the behaviors leading to self-actualization are shown in the list above. Although people achieve self-actualization in their own unique way, they tend to share certain characteristics. However, self-actualization is a matter of degree, 'There are no perfect human beings' (Maslow,1970a, p. 176).” (McLeod, 2007)
Maslow theory on behavior is that before a person meet any goals that he or she have set, needs have to be meet first. Needs such as eating and sleeping. For example, your goal is to pass a math test, well before you pass that test you have to provide your body with proper nutrients. Such as getting a good night sleep and eating a proper breakfast. The theory is before you can be your best, before you can motivate yourself your basic needs need to be fulfilled.
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The effectiveness of Arousal theory in explaining various behaviors
Relationship between arousal levels and performance levels
Arousal levels increase, performance increases
Arousal levels become too high, stress set
goodpsychology.wordpress.com
Arousal theory explains that when a person is under stress he or she is not motivated to perform their best. When a person is sluggish, tension, or even hungry the person cannot focus on their goals or anything else. For example, if a basketball player is tired and under a lot of stress his performance on the court is not going to be his best.
“As arousal levels increase, performance increases, but only to a certain extent. If arousal levels become too high, stress sets in, and it becomes more difficult to perform at optimal levels. On the flipside, low arousal levels can lead to boredom and a lack of focus. The high-arousal drop-off in performance only applies, however, to difficult tasks. (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908) For simple tasks, the higher the arousal gets, the better the performance, according to Yerkes and Dodson. It is only for complicated tasks requiring high levels of cognitive function that the drop off occurs. This is due to the fact that stress can cause difficulty focusing, and this focus deficiency can undermine productivity.” (Motivation, n.d.)
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Conclusion
References
About.com. (2015). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesmz/p/robert-yerkes.htm
Bing.com. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Robert+Yerkes&view=detailv2&&id=225D65F6BCEAE608C12BF94786D8BCE6C68AB9C0&selectedIndex=0&ccid=zokbHyYy&simid=608005621316061778&thid=JN.TR6d8lsG6pcFUoa3qDFCKA&ajaxhist=0
Maslow's Motivation Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/MASLOW/HOMEPAGE.HTML
Maslow's theory of personality. (2006). In Elsevier's dictionary of psychological theories. Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science & Technology. Retrieved from http:// search.credoreference.com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/content/entry/estpsyctheory/maslow_s_theory_of_personality/0
McLeod, S. (2007). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from simply psychology: http:// www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Motivation. (n.d.). Retrieved from YorkPsych: https://appsychtextbk.wikispaces.com/Motivation
People and Discoveries. (1998). Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhmasl.html
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