English Composition for (hifsa Shaukat) only

Thanks for your submission of your Research Draft 3. You have done some good work up to this point. You have now basically built your essay into its full rough draft form, and this is the last feedback you will receive from me prior to your final essay being due. Please pay careful attention to the areas I marked below where work is still needed and try to polish up those areas prior to your final submission.

Cover page and APA formatting:

· You will include an APA-style cover page for your Research Proposal. See the example on page 16 of The CSU APA Guide (6th edition). Your cover page should include the following:

· The title of your future Research Paper (this may be changed as your project develops)

· Your name

· The name of your university (Columbia Southern University).

· The cover page must also include a running head which should include up to 50 characters from the title of the paper, along with a sequential page number in the upper right-hand corner. You can find instructions for formatting the running head on pp. 9-11 of The CSU APA Guide.

· Your font should be Times New Roman 12 point black font and should not be bolded, underlined, italicized, or ALL CAPS

· Your cover page text should be centered on the page and double spaced

· Your cover page must be its own separate page and must be the first page of your project

Introduction:

Using the comments that you received on your Draft 2, revise your introduction. There are some pitfalls to writing an introductory paragraph, and you can avoid some of them by reading through the Checklist: “Avoid Certain Mistakes in the Introduction” on p. 495 of Strategies for Writing Successful Research Papers.

Review of literature:

1. Using the comments that you received on your Draft 1, revise your review of literature, and include it with this newest draft.

Body paragraphs:

1. You should be correctly spacing your body paragraphs so that your first line is indented one tab stop and your paragraphs are double spaced without additional spacing between the citations

2. Each paragraph of the body of your Research Paper should be a cohesive unit. It should be tight, but developed. It should serve a function, and its purpose should always be to bolster the thesis. Therefore, you should use the following order for each paragraph in the body.

a. Topic sentence: This sentence summarizes the entire paragraph in one strong, well-written sentence, and it directly supports the thesis statement.

b. Explanation of topic sentence (1-2 sentences): Often times there is more to be said about the topic sentence, more explanation that is necessary in order for it to be a clear idea, so there are usually a few sentences that follow the topic sentence that explicate the idea more for the reader. These sentences not only “unpack” the topic sentence, but they also anticipate the evidence that will be used to support the topic sentence, usually indirectly.

c. Introduction to evidence (1-2 sentences): No piece of evidence (quotation, example, paraphrase, etc.) should be dropped into a paragraph without first introducing it. An introduction might include the title of the source, the author, and/or a short description of the source/author’s credentials. In this way, no evidence is presented without a context because it is this context that makes the evidence meaningful.

d. Evidence: The evidence that you present backs up your topic sentence and, by extension, supports your thesis statement. The evidence that you supply can be a number of things: a quotation from a source; a reasonable, illustrative example; a statistic; commentary from an interview; etc.

e. Explanation of evidence: No piece of evidence stands on its own or is convincing on its own. Although it may seem to draw a direct line to your topic sentence to support it, often the reader needs you to make the connection between the two. Further, the general rule is that for each sentence of quoted material, your explanation should be just as long, so if you include a block quotation, the block quotation should be met with an equally long explanation.

f. Transition (1-2 sentences): Transitions are essential for research papers because body paragraphs, especially, are written as units, and it is the transitions that allow for these units to be linked together. Take a look at the list of transitional expressions on pp. 44-45 in The Little, Brown Compact Handbook with Exercises.

3. XX Your paper should not have more than 20% of it coming from outside source material, and any outside source material that is used must be correctly cited including quotation marks when direct quotes are used and parenthetical in-text citations anytime material learned from a source is used.

5. References:

· You must have at least five academic sources cited

· You should not have references listed that do not have a corresponding in-text citation

· Your references page should be double spaced with no added spacing between the entries

· The citations should be alphabetized

· Your citations should not be numbered or bulleted

· The first line of each reference list citation should be flush left with the left-hand margin (no indentation), and the second and proceeding lines should be indented ½” from the left-hand margin (hanging indent of one-half inch).

· Your sheet should begin with the heading References, which should be centered on the top line of the page and should be written in Times New Roman 12 point black font and not bolded, underlined, italicized, or placed in ALL CAPS

· XX All citations must follow APA formatting, including the order information is presented, the format the information is listed on the page, punctuation, capitalization, and the types of information that is included

· Your font should be Times New Roman 12 point black font and should not be bolded, underlined, italicized, or ALL CAPS

6. XX Grammar: your essay should be largely free of grammar errors

7. Point of View: be sure that you are writing in third person, carefully avoiding the use of first and second person pronouns (no I, we, you, us, ours, etc.)