cogn psych m2 paper
Student1626
cogn_psych_mod_2_paper.doc|
Attentional Blink There are many stimuli in your environment of which you are not aware. You use attention to filter out unimportant stimuli and focus on relevant stimuli. However, there are circumstances under which you cannot perceive stimuli, regardless of how hard you "pay attention." One situation is when visual stimuli are presented in quick succession. If the interval between the two stimuli is short enough, you do not perceive the second stimulus. This lapse in attention is known as attentional blink. In this assignment, you will experience the attentional blink for yourself and will also read about practical implications of the phenomenon. Access the CogLab demonstration Attentional Blink. Follow the instructions to complete the demonstration. ( THE RESULTS FROM THE COGN LAB EXAM is in another attachment) PLEASE THROUGHLY DISCUSS THIS IN THE PAPER… MUST MENTION THE METHOD AND RESULTS IN THE PAPER AND HOW IT APPLIES.. (REQUIRED) Read the following article: ( THIS IS IN THE ATTACHMENTS) this article must be mentioned and cited in the paper several times.. · Livesey, E. J., Harris, I. M., & Harris, J. A. (2009). Attentional changes during implicit learning: Signal validity protects a target stimulus from the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(2), 408-408-422. doi:10.1037/a0014525 (ProQuest Document ID: 614494049) Using the experience from the CogLab demonstration and information from the article, write a paper that addresses the following: · Explain how the attentional blink relates to attention. Analyze how the variation in time influences the probability of seeing the second target letter. Explain the circumstances under which the attentional blink can be eliminated. · In the CogLab demonstration, letters were used as targets. The target used can influence the duration of one’s attentional blink and whether the attentional blink even occurs. Complete the following tasks: · Propose at least two other targets that could be used to induce the attentional blink. · Predict the effect each of your suggested targets would have on the duration of one’s attentional blink as compared to the CogLab activity you completed. · Explain the reasoning behind your predictions. · Present and discuss at least three occupations in which workers’ performance could be adversely affected by attentional blink. Identify and explain the types of problems or mistakes that might occur in such occupations due to the attentional blink. · Several years ago, some vehicle models came with a heads-up display (HUD). Instead of looking down at a panel on the dashboard, speed, distance traveled, fuel level, and time appeared to be displayed over the hood of the car. Discuss this design in terms of divided attention and attentional blink. Do you think the design was a good idea? Write a Min of 4 FULL pages paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points Explained the phenomenon of attention, described how time between targets affects the probability of seeing the second target, and analyzed how it can be eliminated or reduced in other conditions showing understanding and application of cognitive psychology concepts. 20 Applied knowledge of cognitive psychology concepts to propose other targets appropriate for experiment, predict their effects on attentional blink, and provide an explanation for predictions showing understanding and application of cognitive psychology concepts. 20 Identified three occupations that could adversely be affected by attentional blink and explained the types of problems or mistakes that might occur in such occupations due to attentional blink showing understanding and application of cognitive psychology concepts. 24 Related the concepts of divided attention and attentional blink to explain the heads-up display (HUD) design. 16 Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 20 Total: 100
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These were the instructions from the cognitive lab
Background
Cognitive mechanisms can handle only limited amounts of information. In many situations, there are more stimuli and mental events than resources for processing. As a result, some stimuli are processed and some are not. Selectively choosing some stimuli and ignoring others is called attention. Many studies of attention investigate how mental resources are switched from one stimulus to another. This experiment explores some properties of attention with rapidly changing stimuli. It shows that there is a brief time after paying attention to one stimulus when attention cannot be focused on a subsequent stimulus. This duration is called an attentional blink because it is analogous to being unable to see objects during an eye blink. In the experiment, many letters are shown in rapid succession, with each letter overwriting the previous letter. The observer's task is to watch the entire sequence and then indicate whether certain target letters were in the sequence. The sequences are carefully constructed to systematically vary the temporal separation between two target letters. Thus, if the target letters are J and K, a sequence with the letters ". . . JXTVRK . . ." places K five letter-spaces beyond J. The notable finding is that identification of the second target letter is very low when it quickly follows the first target letter. As temporal separation increases, identification of the second letter improves. This finding suggests that when the observer sees the first target letter, he/she must attend to it to ensure that it will be remembered later. The focusing of attention to that letter apparently requires time, and if the second target letter appears during that time, it is not attended and not reported. By looking at recognition of the second letter as a function of separation, we can estimate the time required to focus and break attention for stimuli.
Instructions
A window will fill the entire screen, and a smaller window will appear with abbreviated instructions. Close the instructions window. You can open it again later from the Lab Info. menu. Start a trial by pressing the space bar. A sequence of 19 letters will appear, with each new letter overwriting the previous one. Each letter is presented for only 100 milliseconds. After the letter sequence is finished, you will be prompted to make a response. Do not enter a response before the sequence is finished, or the trial will have to be discarded (and run again). Your task is to determine whether the letter J and/or K were in the sequence of letters just presented. You indicate the presence of a J by pressing the j key and you indicate the presence of the K by pressing the k key. If you see both letters, press each in any order. If you did not see either letter, do not press either key. The screen will present the key you press, but this is only so you know the program received your key press; it is not feedback on whether you were correct. When you are ready for the next trial, press the space bar again. If, for some reason, you need to discard a trial (e.g., you sneezed, your attention drifted, you "zoned out," et cetera), press the t key before pressing the space bar for the next trial. This will discard the just run trial. (It will be re-run later in the experiment.) At the end of the experiment, the experiment window will close and a new window will appear that displays your data as a table and a plot (if appropriate) and provides an explanation of the experiment and results. You can print this information, save it as an html file, or save it in CogLab format. The latter format can be re-opened with CogLab on a CD and by your instructor who may want to combine data from students in your class.
