International relationship
leew33
referencing_ppt.pptxReferencing
Why is correct referencing important?
| Academic reasons | Practical reasons |
It is a requirement of your department/school
Puts your current work into context
Provides supporting evidence for facts, opinions, data, approaches taken
Gives your work academic credibility
Shows the breadth of your reading
Avoid plagiarism!
Allows others to easily find your sources
–give as much information as you can
Helps you re-trace your reading in the future
Poor information sources and poor referencing loses marks
What are references and citations?
Citation
Reference
Reference List
Bibliography
Appears in the text of your essay, wherever you use a quote or incorporate an idea you have picked up from another source
Appears at the end of your essay or chapter, or sometimes at the bottom of each page, and gives full details of the source of your information
A list at the end of a chapter or essay giving full details of sources cited within the essay
A list at the end of your essay which gives the full details of all sources which you have read even if they are not referred to within the text
| Citation required | No citation required | |
| You are quoting directly from another source | ||
| Mention a fact that is commonly known | ||
| Present the results of your own survey or experiment | ||
| You are writing about another researcher’s theory or idea using your own words, as a paraphrase or a summary | ||
| You use an image from the web | ||
| You are using facts and figures from another writer to support your idea | ||
| You use a diagram from a book | ||
| You include some statistics that your lecturer has given you in a lecture |
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Book Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Adams, A.D. 1906. Electric transmission of water power. New York: McGraw.
Kane, M. and Trochim, W. 2007. Concept mapping for planning and evaluation. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Chapter in edited book If you are referencing a book with chapters written by different authors, you need to give details of the chapter, and the book in which you read it:
Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Chapter title. In: Family name, INITIAL(S) of editor(s). ed(s). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Page numbers.
Coffin, J.M. 1999. Molecular biology of HIV. In: Crandell, K.A. ed. The evolution of HIV. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, pp.3-40.
Reference List
Journal article (print)
Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Title of article. Journal Title. Volume(issue number), page numbers.
PAJUNEN, K. 2008. Institutions and inflows of foreign direct investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. Journal of International Business Studies. 39(4), pp.652-669.
N.B. Use p. to reference a single page, and pp. if it is a range of pages.
Journal article (online)
Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Title of article. Journal Title. [Online]. Volume(issue number), page numbers. [Date accessed], Available from: URL.
El Gharras, H. 2009. Polyphenols: food sources, properties and applications - a review. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. [Online]. 44(12), pp.2512-2518. [Accessed 10 June 2013]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Webpage
Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. [Online]. [Date accessed]. Available from: URL
Hawking, S. 2000. Professor Stephen Hawking's website. [Online]. [Accessed 9 February 2009]. Available from: http://www.hawking.org.uk/home/hindex.html
Environment Agency. 2013. River and coastal maintenance programmes 2013-14. [Online]. [Accessed 12 July 2013]. Available from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk
In the Harvard style, you usually include the author's surname and the date of publication in brackets. For each citation there should be a full reference at the end of your work, giving the full details of the source.
Whether a long-term agreement is reached or something less is patched together, the point would not be to prevent a nuclear breakout, which is impossible, but to ensure that the West would detect it in a timely manner and could disrupt it (and that Iran would understood that to be the case). This is the crucial point. As noted, “The West -- the world, really -- needs to be confident that there would be a gap of at least two or three months between prohibited activities being detected and nuclear weapons actually appearing” (Jervis, 2013).
In-text Citations
The Footnote/ Bibliography method requires two elements: footnotes throughout your assignment, and a bibliography or list of references at the end.
In this system you need to put a small number above the line of type directly following the source material. This number is called a note identifier. It sits slightly above the line of text.
Lake points out that a division began in the latter half of the nineteenth century with the doctrine of ‘separate spheres’.1
1 M Lake, ‘Intimate strangers’ in Making a Life: a People’s History of Australia Since 1788, V. Burgman and J. Lee (eds), Penguin, Victoria, 1988, p. 155.
You then need to place a “foot-note” reference at the base of your page.
