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District at present is enduring many challenges in the education, road and rail network, and power supply and water sanitation systems sectors. Essentially, lack of appropriate buildings for schools and inadequacy of the accessible teachers is hastily reducing the children educating pace. Still, Water remains to be the crucial source of life and way in to clean and healthy water is a human right. Moreover, water is the steering power that compelled the team members to decide to develop a sustainable water supply and filtration method. This reprot is divided into four fundamental parts which are geography, climate, Turban water system and filtration, and the Australia main role in Timor-Leste development( how many parts in this report ). The study focuses primarily, on a Timor island, whose foundation is made of limestone and other sedimentary rocks that make it unique from its neighbouring regions. Based on the geography and climate part, the study will discuss Timor current natural resources status, its geological attributes, and its weather patterns. Evidently, the main issues discussed in the research paper is lack of adequate water and sanitation system, which is endured due to lack of filtration systems and supply to homesteads; thus, compelling people to walk for long distances to get water. In this regard, the study provides several design solution that could help ease this problem: design of Turban water system and basic filtration, Kisii water filters, and slow sand water filtration. Prior to conclusion, the review paper provides a brief overview, of role played by Australia in Timor-Leste development.

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERS WITHOUT BOARD CHALLENGE BACKGROUND ON TIMOR-LESTE

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERS WITHOUT BOARD CHALLENGE

EWB (Engineers without Borders) is an NGO that is known to operation in Australian regions and also across the globe. A number of professional engineers founded it in the year 2000 and it is backed by private sector. The key objective of this body is to establish culturally and socially acceptable, economically viable and environmentally sustainable solutions to third world countries and rural areas across the globe. EWB is known to carry out various projects in various nations to give solutions to key challenges encountered by the population by employing engineering knowledge and skills across the globe. Presently, EWB is mainly sponsored and backed by an organization known as BHP Billiton. The body is also known to be working together with various universities mainly in New Zealand, UK and Australia. In this collaboration, students are given task in groups in order to come up with workable solutions and new ways of solving the challenges mostly those encountered in third world societies.

EWB Challenge is a projected targeted to students in their first year in the University. This program is arranged by EWB organization with an aim of giving students chances to gain new ideas and designs skills so that it can be possible to achieve a sustainable growth in regions that continue to be ravished by diseases, hunger and poverty. Until now, considerable number of students from various universities has managed to introduce a change via the Engineers Without Borders program in nations like rural Australia, Vietnam and India. Additionally, students achieve skills like organization, teamwork and communication among others through contributing and working in the group. Engineers Without Borders is also working in collaboration with several other local voluntary groups and Non-Governmental Organizations.

Since the year 2013, Engineers Without Boarder organization has joined hands with PLAN group to put forward challenge known as PLAN Timor-Leste (PLAN-TL) to students in various universities to encourage them to develop solutions to challenges encountered by population in a nation close to Indonesia referred to as Timor-Leste. PLAN is known to be one of the main NGO that has been working relentlessly with an objective of fighting poverty and protecting children rights. Since the year 2001, PLAN has engaged various local organizations in Timor-Leste whereby they have managed to establish fundamental needs like child growth, water supply, education and housing. Present program involves seven varying design areas for student to pick from and work in developing a long-lasting solution. These areas of design are as follows:

· Energy

· Construction and infrastructure

· Waste management

· Sanitation and water supply systems

· Climate change

· Information communications technology

· Transportation

2.0 BACKGROUND ON TIMOR-LESTE

It is important to note that Timor Island has two regions where the west is region of Indonesian Republic with Kupangbeing provincial capital and the other region is East with Dili as capital. This Island was planned to be composed of small states that were reined by two rulers, Belos and Sorbian, who engaged in animism, when the first missionaries and traders docked at the Timor coast in early 1515s. The first Portuguese Dominican missionaries arrived in the third quarter of the sixteenth century and they began to establish a continuous religious power. By 1651, 50 % of the territory was under control of Dutch and was located in the regions of Timor Island. By 1859, treaty brokered between the Portugal and Dutch established the demarcation between the Dutch Timor (Western Timor) and the Portuguese Timor (currently known as Timor-Leste). In 1945, Indonesia gained independence and this led to incorporation of Western Timor into its territory. In the WWII era, Dutch and Australian established armies in Timor Island because of it advantageous location in confronting Japanese forces. The Portuguese forces entrenched it rule in East-Timor region in 1945. From 1945 to 1945, United Nation used international Law to order the government of Indonesia to confirm to the international community that it did not intend to capture East-Timor. After several revolutions between the Timorese and Portuguese, the independence was restored in the year 2002.

Timor-Leste Map (image derived from EWB.org.au, accessed on 12-05-2013)

The region that is targeted by project of EWB is a village known as Codo located in Lautem District. Lautem region is positioned on eastern region of East-Timor and is bordered by Timor Sea in the North and Wetar Sea on the east and the north. Baucau and Viqueque Districts border the northeaster and east regions of Lautem. It is situated 215 kilometres to the Dili capital via road. The fascinating Jaco Island is located off the eastern part of Tutuala sub-district. Lospalos is the economic and administrative hub and it is centrally situated in the District. Timor is viewed as a fragment of a continent. The foundation of Island is made of limestone and other sedimentary rocks that make it unique from its neighbours in the west and north that are mainly composed of volcanic rocks.

Lautem district map with Codo region colored in green (image derived from ewb.org.au, accessed on 12-05-2013)

Commonwealth of Australia, 2013. Timor-Leste. [online] Available at: < http://www.ausaid.gov.au/countries/eastasia/timor-leste/Pages/default.aspx> Accessed 17 May 2013.