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Developmental psychologists know that the sex of the baby is determined:
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A. definitively at conception.
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B. by the release or non-release of a hormone during the embryonic stage.
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C. by the embryo's genes.
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D. during the fetal period.
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Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is closely associated with:
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A. birth defects affecting the eyes, ears, and heart.
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B. childhood attention problems and lower IQ.
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C. an increased likelihood of miscarriage, premature birth, and low birth weight.
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D. mental retardation and other physical disorders in a newborn infant.
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Most children in Western cultures become wary or fearful of strangers between the ages of __________ months.
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A. two to three
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B. four to five
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C. seven to eight
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D. nine to eleven
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Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants:
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A. do not seem to care when the mother leaves the room and do not long for her return.
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B. cry or protest if the mother leaves the room and welcome her back when she returns.
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C. protest loudly when the mother leaves and may punish her by resisting contact with her when she returns.
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D. are not concerned when separation occurs, but cry to be picked up and held when the mother returns.
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Which one of the following statements about the human brain is true?
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A. The brain is fully formed in the first three years.
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B. The brain forms very few synapses in the first fifteen months.
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C. The brain needs maximum stimulation during the first twelve months.
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D. The brain forms synapses during childhood, adolescence, and even the later years.
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Emily calls her husband into the living room saying, "I'm just sure the baby recognized the word 'Mommy'!" Their baby is most likely __________ months old.
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Children whose parents encourage them to use gestures in their development of communication:
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A. have difficulty mastering a large vocabulary.
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B. have better comprehension.
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C. are frustrated in their communication.
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D. watch people's gestures more than they listen.
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According to Piaget, __________ represents the beginning of a child's capacity to use mental imagery and other symbolic systems.
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A. egocentric thinking
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B. accommodation
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C. object permanence
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D. assimilation
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Isaiah’s parents discipline him using induction. It is most likely that he will:
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A. fail to internalize moral values.
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B. be impulsive, unmotivated, and irresponsible.
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C. develop a strong sense of moral feelings.
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D. have poor self-control and poor social skills.
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Toddlers are able to:
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A. understand, but not conform to, cultural rules of gender.
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B. know that a boy stays a boy even with long hair.
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C. have strong gender identities but not be gender typed.
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D. label themselves as either boys or girls.
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Researchers have found that, during childhood:
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A. girls' gender schemas are more rigid than boys' gender schemas.
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B. when boys play with girls, the boys lose status.
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C. boys like it when girls dress and behave like boys.
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D. girls express stronger preferences for feminine toys than boys do for masculine toys.
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Learning theorists believe that gender socialization begins:
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A. at the moment of a child's birth.
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B. when the child comprehends speech.
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C. when children label themselves boys or girls.
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D. when children have developed a secure gender identity.
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Gwen and her brother Henry produce roughly the same levels of male and female hormones. Given this information, it is likely that:
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A. neither has reached puberty.
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B. Gwen is younger than her brother.
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C. Henry has reached puberty, but Gwen has not.
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D. Gwen is on the brink of menarche.
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As the mother of a late-maturing boy, Betty is concerned that, compared to early-maturing boys, he is more likely to:
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A. use drugs and alcohol.
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B. disobey school regulations.
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C. have a diminished physical self-image.
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D. smoke cigarettes to fit in with peers.
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Adolescent boys who are lonely, depressed, worried, or angry are more likely than girls to express these concerns by:
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A. becoming depressed and attempting suicide.
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B. externalizing their emotional problems in acts of aggression and other antisocial behavior.
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C. internalizing their problems and, as a result, having low self-esteem.
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D. internalizing their feelings and becoming more withdrawn.
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Erik H. Erikson wrote that:
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A. personality is formed by the time a child is five or six years old.
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B. stage theories are inadequate in capturing life's developmental changes.
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C. adult development is characterized by four major transitions, which he called passages.
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D. eight inevitable crises must be resolved as one moves through life.
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Estela is in her early twenties and has successfully resolved each life crisis as it has occurred throughout her development. According to Erikson, Estela now must resolve the crisis of:
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A. intimacy versus isolation.
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B. trust versus mistrust.
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C. initiative versus guilt.
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D. ego integrity versus despair.
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A developmental psychologist who stresses the importance of the social clock would be likely to agree that:
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A. the universal crisis of the adolescent years occurs as teens worldwide decide what they hope to make of their lives.
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B. the transitions of life themselves are less important than whether the transitions are shared with others of one's generation.
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C. life occurs in a series of predictable stages set by the norms of each culture and of each historical period.
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D. the midlife crisis of men is due to the culture's social clock but the negative reactions of women to menopause are biological.
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The fastest-growing segment of the population in North America consists of people:
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A. born in the past 10 years.
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B. born in the midst of World War I (born before 1918).
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C. born during the "baby boom" (beginning in 1946).
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D. born during the "Great Depression" (beginning in 1929).
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The frequency of intense negative emotions is highest among people aged __________ years.
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A. 18 to 34
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B. 35 to 45
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C. 46 to 55
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D. 56 to 65
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prodigy
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