philosphy final paper

Business Ethics Final Exam Review

Requirements:

2. Answers to *each* individual question should be between 2 and 3 pages in length…double spaced! This will mean test totals should be 6 to 9 pages. Word process or type your answers! Though writing styles vary, much less than 2 pages will probably prove insufficient and anything much longer than 4 pages will likely be ignored.

3. All margins are to be 1 inch all around. All fonts used should be in 12 point type. Do not separate paragraphs with extra rows or returns. Microsoft Word defaults to 1.5 spacing between paragraphs, or more. You must correct that default in your paper. Do not repeat or retype the question at the beginning of your paper. See the sample page attached for visual confirmation of the text format required. Failure to properly format your answers will affect your grade!

Note well, however, this is a test of your understanding of the material from this class so you would be well advised to concentrate on the material assigned. It is not a test of your ability to transcribe quotes. For example, do not simply list arguments advocated by one author or another. If you do list an argument in premise form, also write an answer that demonstrates you understand the premises and how they are justified.

To put it another way – the answers should present your understanding and opinions of arguments and materials covered in THIS class.

6. You are required to answer the underlined question or questions. The material preceding the underlined question is meant to direct you to the relevant issues.

7. You may answer any question, but DO NOT cut and paste any old material into your new answers. Take the time to read, understand, and rethink your old answer to make it better.

2). Not too long ago, Milton Friedman argued that the only moral responsibility of managers in a capitalist system is to increase the owner’s investment through profit maximization, with precious few (if any) moral limitations. Many have claimed that a justified sea change occurred when Ed Freeman started arguing to rebuild, revitalize, and re-conceptualize stockholder managerial capitalism to transform it to stakeholder managerial capitalism.

Question: How revolutionary is Freeman’s theory when applied to managerial decisions? When we move from Milton Friedman’s Stockholder theory to Ed Freeman’s Stakeholder theory – does this shift in theories end up telling managers to take different actions, or do they simply disagree about the justifications for roughly the same actions? Feel free to use cases we have studied or cases from “real life” to answer this question.

3). Doormen, Maitre D’s, bellmen, taxi drivers, cops, jurors, building inspectors - people in all of these positions receive payments which ordinary language refers to as one of the following: tips, grease payments, gratuities, service charges, and even bribes. Of course, these are not a list of synonyms and a good analysis should be able to distinguish the terms on the list. What is the wrongful and distinguishing element in a bribe? Is Natasha guilty of offering a bribe in the “When is a tip…?” case?

4). Boss Bill has asked his Employee Marge to dinner on more than three occasions. On each occasion, Bill compliments Marge on her appearance and how her choice of clothing accentuates here figure. Marge has never explicitly nor implicitly indicated any sexual interest in Bill, nor has Marge ever openly or willingly discussed any personal matters with Bill. Marge always says "No, thank you" to Bill's dinner invitations, and she either ignores his compliments or changes the subject to more work-place appropriate topics.

Question: Are Bill's actions morally impermissible? Why?

5). Bernard and Charles are both applying for an entry level accounting position at HAL, an accounting firm. HAL requires applicants to have at least a 3.0 GPA. Bernard has a 3.3 GPA and is African-American. Charles has a 3.5 GPA and is white. Bernard and Charles are identical in all other relevant ways, such as quality of undergraduate educational institution, etc. What argument best justifies hiring Bernard instead of Charles? Consider and answer an objection Charles may raise for being passed over in hiring.

The next page will demonstrate the REQUIRED format for your answers regarding type face, margins, spacing etc.

1. This is sufficient indentation to begin your first paragraph. Notice as well that I started this answer at the top of page and just below the 1 INCH margin, that is, a 1INCH MARGIN AROUNDTHE ENTIRE PAGE! Now suppose I am done with this very short paragraph.

See how I just hit enter /return, indented ½ an inch, and started typing again?!! There is no additional space between paragraphs. I don't care much about the font, but I do want the tests typed in 12 point scale. This font is Times New Roman, but most anything will be accepted. And for goodness sake, please staple your answers together! One and only one staple is necessary if done correctly. Staplers are fairly easy to operate. Do not make an elaborate origami sculpture out of your paper in the upper left hand corner just because you didn't bring a stapler. I will probably be nice enough to bring my stapler along.

Remember to hit a hard page return when you have completed an answer. The instructions indicate that each new answer should start on a new page. Let's assume I want to give an extended quote or list the premises of an argument:

"Whether a quote or a list of premises, notice how the page is double indented and starts over at the same point on the soft return. Also notice that the type face is reduced, and this part of the paper is single spaced.

And here we are again back to normal. The purpose of all the above formatting at the quotation section is to reduce the size of the quotation to leave you more room to expound on the meaning of the quotation. Your words are more important than the quotations.

Good Luck!