Special Education Questions
Carl is 2 years and 4 months and he is diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy. He has been receiving
early intervention services since he was an infant to address overall development delays related to his
condition.
Family Interview
The assessment question addressed by the family interview referred to the family’s satisfaction
with services being received. The question pertains to the family needs and priorities. The interview
was conducted within the family’s home in the afternoon. Carl, his mother Marsha and I all sat on the
floor. We have known each other for approximately 4 months and we feel comfortable around each
other. We have developed a rapport and the interview was informal because of our relationship and
the manner in which the interview was conducted. I informed Marsha that I would be asking her a few
questions regarding her attitudes and feelings toward the services she is receiving. I let her know that it
should only take about 10 minutes or so depending on how in depth she wanted to go and whether or
not she would have any questions for me. I also informed her that our conversation would be kept
confidential in that I would be changing the names of her and her child.
After the introduction to the interview, I asked her a general question about what services she
was receiving. Following her response I asked her about each service individually and whether or not
she felt each was being delivered adequately. I remained silent except for minimal repetition of her
answer while I was writing. When Marsha was done I reviewed her answers verbally and restated the
single concern she has. I asked her what she felt was missing and how she would like it to be remedied.
After the interview I thanked her for her help and told her that I appreciated how open she was.
I encouraged her to be more vocal at Carl’s upcoming transition meeting. I supported her feelings that
meetings can be overwhelming, but that if she feels she cannot advocate properly for Carl then she
should seek help. I let her know that the family is most often the first to recognize the greatest needs of
their child.
According to Marsha’s responses she feels that Carl’s needs are being met in all aspects of
service delivery except Occupational Therapy services. Carl used to receive in home O/T for an hour
every week and now that he is receiving services through an out‐of‐home provider his progress has
slowed. She is not sure whether it is the therapists specifically of the environment. She is not
comfortable saying that she would like the services to revert back to in‐home care. I believe that with
my encouragement Marsha will express her concerns at Carl’s transition meeting coming up in a few
weeks. A concern that became apparent to me is that Marsha needs to be made to feel more
comfortable with her service providers. She needs to feel more a part of the team, rather than an
outsider.
Observation
Carl is receiving occupational therapy for one hour per week provided by Regional Center of
Orange County. Carl’s mother has been previously interviewed regarded family needs and concerns.
The observation was done to answer questions regarding previously identified developmental
conditions. Carl has severe cerebral palsy. He has limited use of both of his hands. Observation
occurred during the afternoon in the child’s home during lunch time. Observation included anecdotal
notes about Carl’s self‐help abilities.
Two specific abilities were looked at. The first was, Carl will pick up small edibles using a palmer
grasp or immature pincer grasp. The second ability was, Carl will hold the spoon and lift it to his mouth.
Cheerios were placed on his feeding tray along with a dish of pureed fruit and a spoon. Frequency data
was collected for 20 minutes.
First, I would ask Carl if he wanted a bite of food. Following his affirmative response I would
encourage him to reach for the food himself. After Carl would make 2 unsuccessful attempts assistance
would be given. Carl failed to pick up any of the Cheerios with 3 attempts. Carl managed to lift the
spoon to his mouth 1 time with 5 attempts. A tally sheet was used to collect the data.
Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP)
The test applied used to assess Carl was the Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP), a curriculum‐
based developmental assessment. Observation was done over a period of three visits for skills linked to
subtest 6.0 Self Help. Observation times varied from 2 to 3 hours when a variety of activities occurs,
including feeding, changing, napping, and playing. Carl's mother, Marsha, was present on all occasions.
Carl has severe cerebral palsy and although the Self Help subtest is further divided into seven sections,
the key areas of development examined were oral‐motor development, independent feeding and sleep
patterns and behaviors. Carl does not score on the other four areas of development. Marsha is aware
of her son's limitations due to his hypertonia and she is concerned about his self‐help skills in the areas
of feeding. Marsha feels that Carl will be able to learn to feed himself.
On sub‐section 6‐1, Oral‐motor development, Carl's score places him in the 6 to 8 month range.
He has the ability to munch solid foods and bite voluntarily. In addition, his drooling is limited to post‐
feeding. His chewing of food remains at pushing the food with some jaw movement and no coordinated
movements. On sub‐section 6‐3, Independent feeding, Carl's score places him in the 2 to 4 month
range. He has the ability to bring his hand to his month, but the hypertonia has precluded him from
being food to his mouth. He does recognize a bottle visually even with his limited vision. On sub‐section
6‐4, Sleep patterns and behaviors, Carl's score places him in the 4 to 8 month range. He does not sleep
through the night without awakening and he continues to nap twice a day.
On the HELP chart Carl's combined Self Help sub‐test scores placement is low. The scores
indicate a need for improvement in these areas. The sleep patterns may improve naturally and his
mother can continue to provide information.