sociology homework
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sociology_quiz.docx1)
True or False. The sociological imagination helps us place personal troubles, such as losing our job or attempting suicide, into a larger social context, where we can distinguish whether and how personal troubles may be related to public issues.
(1pts)
True False
2)
True or False. The early sociologists were in agreement that human behavior could be studied using the same techniques used in the natural sciences.
(1pts)
True False
3)
True or False. Sociologist Robert K. Merton stated that in order for social institutions and other social units to be considered functional, their functions must be intended and recognized by all participants.
(1pts)
True False
4)
Sociologists use the term __________ to refer to the relative location of a person or group within the larger society, based on wealth, power, prestige, or other valued resources.
(1pts)
class
relative power
caste
income
5)
Barbara was born female, which refers to her __________; she acts very feminine, which refers to her __________.
(1pts)
sex; gender
gender; sex
genealogy; sex
biology; sociobiology
6)
__________ refers to the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufacturing and related industries.
(1pts)
ruralization
industrialization
suburbanization
gentrification
7)
British sociologist __________ translated and condensed Comte’s work and was noted for her study of social customs in Great Britain and the United States.
(1pts)
Jane Austen
Sarah Spencer
Harriet Martineau
Emily Dickinson
8)
Unlike others who believed that values could not be separated from the research process, German social scientist __________ emphasized that sociology should be value free—conducted in a scientific manner to exclude the researcher’s personal values and economic interests.
(1pts)
Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
Ralph Dahrendorf
Max Weber
9)
Sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois observed that a dual heritage creates conflict for people of color: an identity conflict of being black and American. Du Bois referred to this duality as __________.
(1pts)
double-consciousness
duplicity
double bind
dual labor market
10)
__________ perspectives are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system composed of interrelated parts, each of which (ideally) contributes to the overall stability of the society.
(1pts)
Developmental
Conflict
Functionalist
Symbolic Interactionist
11)
According to the __________ perspective, society is the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.
(1pts)
functionalist
conflict
feminist
symbolic interactionist
12)
A __________ is anything that meaningfully represents something else and includes signs, gestures, written language, and shared values.
(1pts)
reality
icon
symbol
social fact
13)
Sociologists obtain their knowledge of human behavior through __________, which is the process of systematically collecting information for the purpose of testing an existing theory or generating a new one.
(1pts)
common sense
speculation
research
law
14)
True or False. Culture works for humans the way that instincts work for other animals, guiding them through daily life.
(1pts)
True False
15)
True or False. Language communicates about reality, but it cannot influence the reality it describes.
(1pts)
True False
16)
True or False. Because cultures tend to be integrated, all parts of any given culture will tend to change at the same pace.
(1pts)
True False
17)
__________ refers to the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society.
(1pts)
culture
industry
technology
society
18)
Sociologists use the word __________ to refer to what is biologically determined, and _____ for what results from the social environment.
(1pts)
natural / artificial
nature / nurture
held / born
nurture / nature
19)
A central component of nonmaterial culture is __________, which are the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real.
(1pts)
philosophy
values
beliefs
theories
20)
The “thumbs up” sign means something is good in some places, but is an obscene gesture in other places. This illustrates that _________________________ .
(1pts)
all symbols have universal meanings
hand gestures are not really symbols
symbols may have different meanings among different groups of people
there is a lot of misuse of the “thumbs up” gesture
21)
Which of these is not one of the ten core American values identified by sociologist Robin Williams?
(1pts)
cooperation and pacifism
progress and material comfort
individualism
efficiency and practicality
22)
Not all norms are of equal importance; __________ are written down and involve specific punishments for violators. Laws are the most common type; they have been codified and may be enforced by sanctions.
(1pts)
ideal norms
real norms
formal norms
informal norms
23)
As you are rushing from one class to the next, you absentmindedly forget to hold the door open for the person coming through behind you. The consequence is that the door slams in that person’s face. Which of these cultural components has your behavior violated?
(1pts)
sanction
social more
taboo
folkway
24)
All parts of culture do not change at the same pace. Sociologist William Ogburn referred to this disparity as __________, which is the gap between the technical development of a society and the development of its moral and legal institutions.
(1pts)
cultural tension
cultural diffusion
cultural lag
acculturation
25)
__________ refers to the wide range of cultural differences found between and within nations. It may be the result of natural or social circumstances.
(1pts)
cultural transformation
cultural relativism
cultural diffusion
cultural diversity
26)
The socialization process yields the same outcomes in all societies.
(1pts)
True False
27)
True or False. Applying the framework for cognitive development created by Jean Piaget, it is possible for a child to be in several stages at the same time, depending on the child’s individual personalities.
(1pts)
True False
28)
True or False. From a sociological perspective, we cannot form a sense of self or personal identity without intense social contact with others.
(1pts)
True False
29)
Socialization is essential for the survival and stability of society. This statement reflects the________________ perspective on socialization and society.
(1pts)
post-modernist
conflict
feminist
functionalist
30)
Sociologist Kingsley Davis was interested in the case of Anna, a child who was kept in an atticlike room in her grandfather’s house, because __________.
(1pts)
he was attempting to determine how children develop a generalized other
he was interested in the impact of sexual abuse on later human behavior
he wanted to know more about what happens when a child is raised in isolation
he was studying the parenting habits of young, unmarried mothers
31)
Psychologist Carol Gilligan concluded that women and men often have divergent views on_____________________ .
(1pts)
religion
social class
morality
politics
32)
According to sociologist Charles Horton Cooley, the __________ refers to the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others.
(1pts)
subconscious
looking-glass self
process of role-taking
significant other
33)
According to sociologist George Herbert Mead, __________ refers to the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person's or group’s point of view.
(1pts)
role-acting
role-taking
role-exploration
role-development
34)
From a contemporary __________ perspective, children are active and creative agents, not just passive recipients of the socialization process. From this view, children construct their own peer culture by borrowing from adult culture.
(1pts)
symbolic interactionist
conflict
post-modernist
functionalist
35)
__________ theorists emphasize that socialization reaffirms and reproduces the class structure in the next generation rather than challenging the conditions that presently exist.
(1pts)
symbolic interactionist
conflict
developmental
functionalist
36)
Throughout childhood and adolescence, boys and girls typically are assigned different household chores and given different privileges (such as how late they may stay out at night). This is an example of __________.
(1pts)
cultural assimilation
gender socialization
developmental psychology
sexual development
37)
A young woman decides that she wants to become a professional basketball player. She joins her school basketball team, reads articles about the best basketball players, and attends basketball camps. This is an example of __________.
(1pts)
anticipatory socialization
occupational socialization
resocialization
rite of passage
38)
Which of these is not an example of a total institution?
(1pts)
prison
monastery
university residence hall
military
39)
True or False. Social structure creates stability and order in a society, but also creates boundaries and establishes unequal relations between groups of people.
(1pts)
True False
40)
True or False. According to both Durkheim and Tӧnnies, social solidarity is impossible within industrialized societies.
(1pts)
True False
41)
At the __________, the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions, groups, statuses, roles, and norms.
(1pts)
mesolevel
macrolevel
metalevel
microlevel
42)
The sociological term for any physical or social attribute or sign that devalues a person's social identity and disqualifies that person from full social acceptance is __________.
(1pts)
deviance
anomie
stigma
alienation
43)
A(n) __________ status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort.
(1pts)
achieved
temporary
professional
ascribed
44)
One’s occupation is an indicator of level of education and income and may also reflect family background. In the United States, occupation is an important determinant of social position. This makes occupation a likely __________ status.
(1pts)
professional
ascribed
master
achieved
45)
Which of these is the best illustration of the characterization of roles as relational?
(1pts)
In times of rapid social change, the roles for various positions become somewhat unclear.
In order for a teacher to perform in that role, there must be at least one student.
One’s role performance may not fit the role expectations for any particular status.
It is not clear at what age children should no longer be expected to depend upon their parents for economic support.
46)
Cameron is a freshman at the local college. As a student, he is feeling pressure. He wants to party like the rest of his fraternity brothers, but at the same time, he wants to maintain his 4.0 grade point average. Sociologists would say that Jack is experiencing _________.
(1pts)
role conflict
role ambivalence
role strain
role reversal
47)
Sociologists define a(n) __________ as a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.
(1pts)
primary group
institution
secondary group
tertiary group
48)
From the __________ perspective, social institutions are not organized for the common good of everyone.
(1pts)
conflict
symbolic interactionist
postmodern
structural functionalist
49)
Ferdinand Tӧnnies used the term __________ for a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group and little consensus on values.
(1pts)
gesellschaft
bourgeoisie
gemeinschaft
verstehen
50)
Some symbolic interaction theorists believe that there is very little shared reality beyond that which is socially created. They refer to this as the __________, which is the process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience.
(1pts)
subjective assessment of reality
recertification analysis of reality
social construction of reality
objectification of social reality
