argumentative essay

Annotated bibliography on discrimination on Black women

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Annotated References

Givens, Sonja M. Brown, and Jennifer L. Moahan. “Priming Mammies, Jezebels, and Other Controlling Images: An Examination of the Influence of Mediated Stereotypes on Perceptions of an African American Woman.” Media Psychology 7.1 (2005): 87-106. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Annotation for this Source

In this study, the authors exam how mediated portrayals of African Americans women influence judgments of African American women in social situations. The participants observed a Mammy, Jezebel, or no stereotypic image on video, and then found mock employment interviews involving either an African American or white woman. Members associated the African American interviewee with negative terms and not with positive terms.

Tyree, Tia. “African American Stereotypes in Reality Television.”Howard Journal of Communications 22.4 (2011): 394-413. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Annotation for this Source

The author conducts a study that analyzes ten reality television shows between 2005 and 2008. The author wanted to find out whether producers cast participants who fit into traditional and new African American stereotypes. The analysis determined all ten shows had at least one member who fits into stereotypical characters including the angry black woman and hoochie.

Chen, Gina Masullo, Sherri Williams, Nicole Hendrickson, and Chen. “Male Mammies: A Social- Comparison Perspective on How Exaggeratedly Overweight Media Portrayals of Madea, Rasputia, and Big Momma Affect How Black Women Feel About Themselves.” Mass Communication and Society 15.1 (2012): 115-35. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Annotation for this Source

An in-depth interview with black women, who say that exaggeratedly overweight depictions of Black women portrayed by men dressed up as women had a strong effect on their identities. These “mammy-like” characters heightened the evoking imag4s of the stereotypes. The male mammy portrayals increase the mockery of Black women in the media as well as contributing to the feminization of African American men.

Boylorn, Robin M. “As Seen On TV: An Autoethnographic Reflection on Race and Reality Television.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 25.4 (2008): 413-33. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Annotation for the Source

The author discusses the multiple consciousnesses of a black female scholar. The author suggests the use of an oppositional gaze and oppositional reading to interrogate and engage images and representations of black women on reality television shows. A critical awareness could untimely later or inform the images of black women we see on reality television, given the historical legacy of black female representation and the destructive images that result.

Mascaro, Thomas A. “Shades of Black Homicide: Life on the Street: Progress in Portrayals of African American Men.” Journal of Popular Film and Television 31.2 (2004): 10-19. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Annotation for this Source

The author discusses how although African American women have gained entry into primetime television, the shows often draw in a way that reinforce negative stereotypes. African Americans in general and Black women, in particular, historically have been denied access to dramatic roles that permit them to comment on social realities.

Zillmann, D., & Weaver, J. (1996). Gender-socialization theory of reactions to horror. In J. Weaver, & R. Tamborini (Eds.), Horror Films: Current Research on Audience Preferences and Reactions (pp. 85-88). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Annotation for the Source

The author of the study concentrates on how the media managers in the entertainment industries various social groups, including the Black women, in particular, negative roles. These industries offer the Black women to have the negative qualities in their roles than other traditional social groups, such as white males. The portrayals give the viewers the opposite thoughts about and acting towards members of a given group of people, thus affecting the communication and perception of the play.

The study seeks to analyze and conclude on the horror film stereotyping in a better way, not through the merely observing stereotypes of the Black women in horror movies. It also looks at the content of the time-periods and societal change. Therefore, the study on the textual analysis compared sixteen films, eight original films plus the latest remakes on each film. The performed study helped in analyzing the female stereotypes that exist within the given horror movies. Analysis showed it clear that the majority of the Black women stereotypes found in the original movies still has a place in remakes. Therefore, the conclusion of the study that, even though the media personalities says that the stereotypic portrayals have taken a different path over the last years, social stereotypes of Black women still exists up to date.

Avan Muhammad and Charles Muhammad. Who defines Black Women? The Final Call takes on the status of Black women, examines their images, influences, challenges and their future: Nov. 20, 2011 in New York.

Evaluation Annotation

The paper reviews the evidence of the reflection on the Black women and images, the main concept of the portrayal of them through the media images as the self-hating, vindictive, angry, and, miserable. All of these characters of the black women are fictitious and derive from the foundation of the Western America of White supremacy. Consequently, the authors regard the Black women as the devoted wives, educators, doctors, and ready to fit in all the professional careers. Thou, the study explain that black women cannot fully escape the negative myths surrounding their daily lives. The negative attitude that they face makes the facts about them be fiction and can impact their future living, challenges, and status of their lives.

The study focuses on the efforts put in place in order to correct the negative images about the black women like Chicago-based radio talk shows. The manifesto created in the show has widely helped for the calls on Black women to strive to achieve better healthcare services and also to strive in the best interest of their upcoming generation. The show helps in the journey of the Black women in conquering the understanding and self-confidence in their natural beauty. On the other hand, the show helps in showing the value, love, and, care towards the feelings of the Black women.

The research of the authors is crucial as it demonstrates the complete rejection of the natural self among the Black women. It gives the best advice to women in order to stop grooming themselves as they compare themselves with the brighter part of the White female. Therefore, it tends to show the benefit of the original womanhood and the top of civilization. Through the acceptance of being natural and understanding how the nation cannot be in a position to be on a higher level than the women.

Janet D. Bell and Eleni D. Janis.” Media Representations and Impact on the Lives of Black Men and Boys.” Social Science: Article review: Building the Nation Will Expand Opportunity in America. (October 2011)

Annotation for the Source

The social science literature review mainly focuses on the question of how the public media, as well as communication, affects the results for the African women and girls who are within the American society. The authors try to give the digestible work out of the remarkably varied body of the study. The authors show how various forces, materials, culture, and politics contributes to the shaping up black women within the United States. In addition, the study focuses on the evidence gathered in various fields about the way media presents a picture of the black women and how their attitudes are affected towards their actual living conditions. The study focuses on the main problem linking between the media portrayals and lowering of the survival chances for the black women.

The study uses the distorted patterns of the portrayal in the media towards the black women in the society. Therefore, the robust body of the study shows the various ways on how the overall presentation of the black women in the public media gets distortion in reference to the real-world issues. These studies tend to look at the single medium or genre like the Television fiction cinemas, video games, and, magazine advertisement. In line with the study, the authors tend to reveal broad patterns that include the under-representation overall of black women in the society.

The research work of this study is of great importance as it suggests various ideas that communicators should always have in mind about on how to proceed with their daily activities. However, the advocates and communicators must continue to work in order for the creation of fuller and more accurate portrayals of the black women in the media. Through the external pressure and education targeted at the media producers through the production of new images through the working to embed more African Americans in the links within the media chain production.