psychology worksheet 3 For Researcher_D only
mid_19
psychologicaldisordersm15_1.pptAnnouncements
- Psychological Disorders—this week
- Today
How do we define “abnormal?”
Schizophrenia
- Thursday
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
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THIS CLASS WAS TOO LONG.
CHANGE SO THAT SCHIZOPHRENIA IS COVERED FIRST AND THEN MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS ARE COVERED ON DAY 2.
Abnormal Behavior
Behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives.
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Historical Shift
- <1800s – superstitions: witchcraft, demon possession, punishment by God
- >1800s – medical & psychological model
- What do you think changed as a result?
Treatments: priest v. doctor, exorcism v. therapy/drugs
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Statistical deviation – uncommon behavior
Implies average is ideal
Characteristics falling beyond a particular distance from average values; Eg: Intelligence - normal distribution of IQ scores. Those whose scores are 2 sd's below the mean of 100 are, by this definition mentally retarded (ie: abnormal).
the normal distribution is the curved shape of a graph that is highest in the middle and lowest on the side
Statistical deviation: This definition would mean a genius should be termed abnormal. Reliance on means and deviations implicitly sets up the identity "average person" = "ideal person". Is the average the ideal? Are deviations from the average a sign of abnormality?
Social norm violation
Cultural relativism
Labels all social reformers as abnormal
Enthrones conformity and stigmatizes noncomfortists
Deviation from an ideal
Ideals are relative
Pursuit of elusive ideal may lead to feelings of inadequacy
Examples of norms: proper dress, how/what to eat, behavior on the first date, eye contact with strangers, student/instructor behavior
What’s “normal” in one culture is “abnormal” in another
Maladaptive behavior
There are situations in which it would be abnormal to adapt
Personal distress
Implies that behavior is normal if there is no distress
No objective standard
Maladaptive to one's self - inability to reach goals, to adapt to the demands of life, and 2) maladaptive to society - interferes, disrupts social group functioning.
--This is a "practical" definition: it identifies those unable to cope. It is also a "flexible" definition: it takes into account an individual's context, recognizing that maladaptive is a relative term - it depends on the person's life circumstances
Distress may be a good thing
What is “abnormal” anyway?
- Deviation from average
So, is above average bad?
Often being different doesn’t mean something is wrong.
- Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort
Some severely mentally ill people report feeling happy.
- Abnormality as the inability to function effectively
Most common definition used by mental health professionals
Charles Manson
murdered people.
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Are geniuses “abnormal”?
Be careful!
- When evaluating whether or not a behavior is “abnormal” you must be consider these:
Situation
Culture
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Is this normal?
A man takes off his pants and exposes himself to a woman in a place of business.
Yes
No
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Is this normal?
A man takes off his pants and exposes himself to a woman in a place of business.
Yes
No
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Is this normal?
Mr. Redwood hears voices. He speaks with gods.
Yes
No
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Is this normal?
Mr. Redwood hears voices. He speaks with spirits and talks in tongues.
Yes
No
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Be careful!
- When evaluating whether or not a behavior is “abnormal” you must be consider these:
Situation
Culture
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How do psychologists make a diagnosis?
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Making a Diagnosis
1. Interview patient.
2. Administer questionnaires.
a. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
3. Determine whether criteria have been met for any disorder using the DSM-IV.
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DSM-IV
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition
- Highly detailed and specific criteria for every disorder recognized by mental health professionals
- Each diagnosis requires IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIAL, OCCUPATIONAL, OR EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONING.
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Prototypical approach
Based on scientific data rather than consensus
Psychotic Disorders
Schizophrenia
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Which is another name for schizophrenia?
Bipolar disorder
Dissociative identity disorder
Multiple personality disorder
None of the above
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Schizophrenia is NOT:
- Multiple personalities
There is a very rare and controversial disorder called Multiple Personality Disorder or Dissociative Identity Disorder.
- Bipolar (mood changes)
Mood tends to be FLAT in people with schizophrenia.
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Schizophrenia Symptoms
- Thought disorder
Thinking does not make sense
- Delusions
Firmly held beliefs that are not based on reality
E.g., Beliefs that people on TV are talking to you, beliefs that you are being spied on by the government…
- Hallucinations
Seeing, hearing, or smelling things that are not there (sensory experiences)
E.g., hearing voices, smelling foul odors, seeing aliens…
- Withdrawal
Disinterest in others, talking little or not at all, not acknowledging the presence of others
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What symptoms of schizophrenia did John Nash exhibit in A Beautiful Mind?
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Etiology, Course, & Treatment for Schizophrenia
- Etiology
Decreased activity in the frontal lobe
Big ventricles (holes in the brain)
Too much dopamine
Interaction between genes and stress
- Course: Chronic
- Treatment
Medication
Anti-psychotic medications
Decrease dopamine
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Schizophrenia Cases
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When Gerald talks about the egg and the sperm after being asked about the picture on the wall having a headache, what symptom is he displaying?
Thought disorder
Delusion
Hallucination
Withdrawal
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When the artist talks about hearing the voices of alien scientists, what symptom is she describing?
Thought disorder
Delusion
Hallucination
Withdrawal
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When the talked about her belief that aliens were around her, influencing her life, what symptom is that?
Thought disorder
Delusion
Hallucination
Withdrawal
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Schizophrenia Symptoms
- Thought disorder
Thinking does not make sense
- Delusions
Firmly held beliefs that are not based on reality
E.g., Beliefs that people on TV are talking to you, beliefs that you are being spied on by the government…
- Hallucinations
Seeing, hearing, or smelling things that are not there (sensory experiences)
E.g., hearing voices, smelling foul odors, seeing aliens…
- Withdrawal
Disinterest in others, talking little or not at all, not acknowledging the presence of others
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Case Studies
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What are the symptoms?
- Raymond was an honors student in high school and is a college sophomore currently. His grades dropped dramatically last semester. He is no longer able to go to school. He used to be an avid reader, but now sits with a book open to the same page for hours. He sometimes gets into the shower with his clothes on and blows on his breakfast cereal because he says it is hot. He talks very little now and has a flat facial expression.
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Which is not a symptom described in this case study?
Thought disorder
Delusions
Hallucinations
Withdrawal
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Which is not a symptom of schizophrenia?
Decreased communication
Loss of interest in people
Hallucinations
Depressed mood
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Thank you!
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