three assignment

Assignment 1: The Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008: Part 1

The US Congress has the authority to create laws through Article I of the US Constitution. When Congress authorizes an act, several related laws are clumped together into one massive law (hence, an act). The easiest way to read and process an act is to separate the document into major topics (concepts) and then outline the major policies associated with the topics.

Acts are an important part of the legislative process and are frequently used to initiate a series of interconnected laws (e.g., laws related to education, housing, and health and human services). You should have a basic understanding of this process because a number of laws that affect higher education processes have resulted from acts (e.g., the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans with Disabilities Act [ADA] of 1990).

In this assignment, you will review an act that has been reauthorized and analyze some significant changes due to its reauthorization.

Tasks:

In about 250 words, respond to the following:

· Review the  Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 .

· List and analyze the most significant policy changes and new programs established by the reauthorization.

Submission Details:

· By Saturday, May 23, 2015, post your responses to this Discussion Area.

· Through Wednesday, May 27, 2015, respond to at least two of your classmates' posts. While responding, comment on ideas that are similar to and different from your own. When referencing the readings, be specific as to the case, policy, or law so that your classmates understand the basis for your discussion points and can respond appropriately.

Assignment 1 Grading Criteria	Maximum Points
Articulated key points in a clear, logical, and professional manner with supporting evidence wherever required and actively contributed to the discussion by providing points of view with rationales, challenging points of the discussion, or drawing relationships between points of the discussion.	16
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.	8
Total:	24

Assignment 2: Finances and Serving of All Students at Community Colleges

Generally, educational institutions are funded by all levels of the government. The federal government funds special or targeted programs, such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) projects or Title IV programs. State governments fund building and facilities projects. Local governments offer some funding and tax incentives to local K–12 institutions and colleges. Although K–12 and postsecondary and higher education institutions are funded separately, there is a connection between their funding and performance. When responding to the discussion question, keep in mind the purpose of, and priorities within, higher education.

Studies show that a lack of resources and preparation at the K–12 levels has serious implications for higher education in general but particularly for community colleges that are on the front line of serving underprepared students. The continuing trends of low K–12 performance, lack of college readiness, and growing numbers of high school dropouts will oblige increasing attention to community college access, offerings in basic skills, and implications for workforce preparation as an important entry point for K–12 students who otherwise drop out of education completely (Center for Student Success, 2005).

In this assignment, you will review some important implications of state funding for higher and postsecondary education.

Tasks:

In a minimum of 200 words, respond to the following:

· What policies do you think states need to have in place to address the following?

· Adequacy of facilities to serve growing numbers of students

· Recruitment of faculty

· The needs of a changing mix of students

· In your opinion, why would it be necessary to have these policies in place?

Reference:

Center for Student Success. (2005). Environmental scan: A summary of key            issues facing California community colleges pertinent to the strategic            planning process. Retrieved from http://www.rpgroup.org/sites/default/            files/EvScanCCC-StrategicPln-07-05.pdf

Submission Details:

· By Monday, May 25, 2015, post your response to this Discussion Area.

· Through Wednesday, May 27, 2015, respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts. While responding, comment on ideas that are similar to and different from your own. When referencing the readings, be specific as to the case, policy, or law so that your classmates understand the basis for your discussion points and can respond appropriately.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria	Maximum Points
Articulated key points in a clear, logical, and professional manner with supporting evidence wherever required and actively contributed to the discussion by providing points of view with rationales, challenging points of the discussion, or drawing relationships between points of the discussion.	16
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.	8
Total:	24

Assignment 3: Application—Legal Analysis

Podberesky v. Kirwan (1994) is among a series of affirmative action cases decided in the 1990s and the 2000s. These cases critique a set of earlier cases (Bakke v. Regents of California et al., 1978) that laid the foundation for many of the affirmative action policies prior to the 1980s. Tied together, these cases provide a relatively complete picture of the status of affirmative action in the United States.

In this assignment, you will analyze the Podberesky v. Kirwan case—an example of affirmative action in financial aid programs.

Tasks:

In a 3- to 5-page paper, respond to the following:

· Click  here  to read the Podberesky v. Kirwan case. Although Podberesky is also categorized as an affirmative action issue, it is an excellent example of affirmative action in financial aid programs.

· Analyze the Podberesky v. Kirwan case.

In your case study analysis, divide your paper into five separate sections: viewpoints, areas of law, judgment, administrative options, and implementation plan. Then, clearly address each section:

· Viewpoints: Present the situation from the points of view of both the plaintiff and the defendant.

· Areas of law: Identify the areas of law that apply to the main issues in the case and write detailed explanations of the areas, including definitions of terms. Also identify the applicable case law (if any) and explain the case rulings.

· Judgment: State how you would rule on the case if you were the judge. Give a rationale for your ruling, applying the information from the section on areas of law.

· Administrative options: Discuss, from a higher and postsecondary education point of view, three to five options that could be considered to avoid this kind of litigation in the future. At least one option must address the legal issue that triggered the lawsuit.

· Implementation plan: Select one of the options identified and briefly describe a plan to implement or explain the impact on your setting (institution of higher education).

· Address the following in your responses:

· A basic understanding of the legal history of affirmative action

· An analysis of the major legal issues and definitions presented in Podberesky

· A summary of the viewpoints of both sides and the major stakeholders in the case study

· A decision derived from the evidence presented and supplemental information garnered from the readings

· Suggested options or policies to avoid future legislation

· A plan for implementing one of the suggestions for preventative action

References:

· Bakke v. Regents of California et al., 438 U.S. 265 (1978).

· Podberesky v. Kirwan, 38 F.3d 147 (1994).

Submission Details:

· By Wednesday, May 27, 2015, save your paper as M3_A3_Lastname_Firstname.doc and submit it to the M3: Assignment 3 Dropbox.

Assignment 3 Grading Criteria	Maximum Points
Submitted a logically formatted paper presentation covering the assignment requirements.	8
Included all citations in APA format.	8
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.	8
Total:	24