answer the multiple choice questions

1. A tissue is composed of

a- cells.

b- organs.

c- organ systems.

d- cells and organs.

e- cells and organ systems.

2. A group of cells performing a similar function is described as

a- multicellular.

b- an organism.

c- an organ system.

d- an organ.

e- Tissue.

3. Somatic stem cells are found in

a- adult tissues.

b- embryonic tissues.

c- umbilical-cord blood.

d- germ tissue.

e- All of the above.

4. A group of tissues working together perform the complex functions of

a- a tissue.

b- an organ.

c- an organ system.

d- an organism.

e- a bladder.

5. Organs are composed of

a- one type of cell.

b- one type of tissue.

c- at least two tissues.

d- more than three cell types.

e- None of the above.

6. An organ is composed of

a- three cell types.

b- at least two specialized tissues.

c- at least 10 specialized cell types.

d- one or more tissue types.

e- groups of cells randomly arranged around a scaffold.

7. The bladder is composed of multiple tissues. This organization is beneficial because

a- each specialized cell type provides function to the organ.

b- one tissue type would not be functional.

c- having more then one tissue present makes stem-cell harvesting easier.

d- All of the above.

e- None of the above.

8. The formation of an organ through the use of stem cells differentiated into multiple cell types. However, which of the following presents a hurdle to regenerating a new organ to replace a defective one?

a- Many organs contain multiple specialized cell types in an intricate design.

b- Nerve innervation is necessary for the proper function of some organs.

c- Proper blood supply to all the regenerated cells is necessary for the survival of organs.

d- A and C

e- All of the above.

9. Which of the following best explains why the rock chimneys of the Lost City host such a variety of unique microbial communities?

a- The height of the chimneys creates a gradient of temperatures (hottest at the top and coolest at the bottom) along the chimney; these, in turn, become separate environments and host different communities.

b- The height of the chimneys creates a gradient of pH (most acidic at the top and most basic at the bottom) along the chimney; these, in turn, become separate environments and host different communities.

c- Although temperatures, pH, and other factors are the same all over each chimney, the chimneys are so big that different communities can occupy different sections of the chimney.

d- The Lost City comprises a huge number of rock chimneys, each of which has its own unique environment; this means that each chimney hosts its own unique microbial community.

e- None of the above.

10. Which of the following does NOT refer to a prokaryotic organism?

a- smaller than a eukaryotic organism

b- does not have a nucleus

c- has one chromosome

d- reproduces by binary fission

e- has organelles

11. A prokaryote has all of the following structures, EXCEPT

a- a cell wall.

b- ribosomes.

c- mitochondria.

d- DNA.

e- Cytoplasm.

12. Which statement about prokaryotes is FALSE?

a- Prokaryotes are diverse.

b- All prokaryotes are bacteria.

c- Prokaryotes are usually single celled.

d- Prokaryotes are found in two domains.

e- Prokaryotes cannot be seen by the naked eye.

13. The term “extremophiles” refers to

a- members of domain Bacteria

b- members of domain Archaea

c- members of domain Eukarya

d- members of both domains Bacteria and Archaea

e- members of both domains Archaea and Eukarya

14. Bacteria that eat other bacteria are called , while photosynthetic bacteria are called .

a- autotrophs; heterotrophs

b- autotrophs; nitrogen fixers

c- autotrophs; phototrophs

d- heterotrophs; autotrophs

e- heterotrophs; phototrophs

15. Which does NOT describe members of the domain Archaea?

a- They are genetically close to eukaryotes.

b- Some live in extreme environments.

c- They are prokaryotes.

d- They do not have a nucleus.

e- Their cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

16. Which member of the domain Archaea would likely be found in the digestive system of cows?

a- Halobacterium

b- Sulpholobus

c- Methanobrevibacter

d- Pyrodicticum

e- Thermoproteus

17. One of the most ancient forms of metabolism on Earth is _________.

a- glucogenesis

b- lipogenesis

c- oxygenesis

d- methanogenesis

e- carbonogenesis

18. Which eukaryote evolved first?

a- plants

b- fungi

c- protists

d- humans

e- sponges

19. The tree of life has been rearranged into three domains based on what evidence?

a- comparative anatomy

b- DNA similarities

c- homologous structures

d- anatomical evidence

e- fossil evidence

20. The domain Eukarya includes

a- plants.

b- plants and animals.

c- plants, animals, and fungi.

d- plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

e- plants, animals, fungi, protists, and archaea.

21. Which topographical feature affects the climate of an area?

a- mountain range

b- plateau

c- coastal location

d- forests

e- volcanoes

22. The diversity of organisms found in an area is directly related to

a- the diversity of temperature.

b- the diversity of elevation.

c- the diversity of rainfall.

d- the diversity of the physical terrain.

e- All of the above.

23. Which describes plant groups in order of terrestrial adaptations from earliest to the most recent?

a- ferns, bryophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

b- bryophytes, gymnosperms, ferns, and angiosperms

c- angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms

d- ferns, gymnosperms, bryophytes, and angiosperms

e- bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

24. Which is the correct evolutionary order of plants, from earliest to most recent, exhibiting the acquisition of terrestrial adaptations?

a- sword fern, moss, maple, and pine

b- sword fern, moss, pine, and maple

c- moss, sword fern, pine, and maple

d- moss, sword fern, maple, and pine

e-maple, pine, sword fern, and moss

25. The sunny, south-facing slopes of the Olympic Mountains are relatively dry. In the forests there, you would expect to find

a- relatively few bryophytes, but numerous ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

b- fewer bryophytes and ferns than gymnosperms and angiosperms.

c- fewer ferns than bryophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

d- fewer gymnosperms than bryophytes, ferns, and angiosperms.

e- fewer angiosperms than bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms.