Introversion and Extraversion Personality Traits and Marital Bliss
Jason King
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Add the main title in the middle of the page; your name in the second line and the university’s name in the third line.
)Argosy University
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Add “Author Note”. Observe the word “Note” is singular. Use your name and email address in the note.
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Author Note
This research was carried out as partial fulfillment towards the Research Methods course at Argosy University by Jason King.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jason King, Department of Psychology, Argosy University, Phoenix 2233 West Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85021 Email: [email protected]
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Put main title of the study here.
)Introversion and Extraversion Personality Traits and Marital Bliss
We propose the following study to investigate the effects of personality traits (introversion and extraversion) on marital bliss, and are especially interested in how these personality traits in men and women combine leading to marital bliss (This would be your research question).
Then you should get FIVE peer-reviewed journal articles from psychology databases (like PsycINFO and psycARTICLES at Argosy Online Library) and for each study write down a summary. Make sure you answer these questions about each article you have for this assignment.
1. What were the topic/research questions being investigated?
2. How was the study conducted (participants, materials, procedure, etc.)?
3. What did the results reveal?
4. How might these methodological considerations affect the research findings and the conclusions drawn from them?
5. How does this article fit in with your paper? How did it influence your own ideas about your paper?
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Cite the study in APA format.
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First summary of your study.
) Emotional responses tell us how an individual is processing her environment, and if it contains negative stimuli, emotions reflect such negativity in behavior (This is the topic/research question that is being investigated in this study). Tamir, Robinson, and Clore (2002) carried out four experiments in this study and investigated reaction time (RT), to positive and negative adjectives. In the first study, 102 participants responded to a reaction time (RT) task and then completed Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen, (1988) to determine their moods, followed by International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) scales (short form) by Goldberg (1997) to assess their extraversion. The RT task required each participant to respond to a block of words, the participants wanted (e.g., love, happiness etc), or not wanted (failure, pain, etc.,) or neutral (afternoon, definition, etc.,) (The above description is about how the study was conducted: participants, materials, procedure, etc.). Extraverts were faster than introverts on positive mood task, and introverts were faster with negative mood tasks. For both type of individuals, RT slowed down if they performed the opposite mood tasks. After the first experiment Tamir et al., (2002) carried out three other experiments manipulating mood conditions and found essentially the same results (these are the results of this study). This study proposes that traits of introversion and extraversion regulate mood and behavior to pleasant and non-pleasant stimulus material (conclusions), and would be useful for my proposal, (fit in with your paper) because it suggests that extraverted and introverted individuals may process pleasant and unpleasant affective stimulation from the spouse differently leading to marital bliss or nightmare.
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Second summary.
)Why is it that extraverts associate with positive moods and introverts with negative? In a series of three experiments Lischetzke and Eid (2006) proposed that extraverts could maintain better moods than introverts; and for extraverts mood regulation abilities maintained their happiness. By using trait measures, the first study (N = 500) provided evidence for mood maintenance, and accounted for the link between extraversion and pleasant mood. In the second study (N = 241), the above findings were replicated in a different sample, and in the last study (N = 55) to test the idea of mood regulation abilities, extraverts when presented with ambivalent emotional situations, maintained a more positive outlook on them than introverts. These studies suggest, that extraversion is self-regulated and is linked with pleasantness. These experiments, like Tamir et al. (2002) suggest that extraverts have this inherent ability or trait to have positive moods in their lives. Since both studies corroborate, it will be beneficial for my proposal to focus on the ability to regulate mood in spousal relationships, and develop a hypothesis on how marital bliss could be influenced this ability.
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Third summary.
)What factor or factors are likely to make introverts’ mood so negative? Gudjonsson, Sigurdsson, Bragason, Einarsson, and Valdimarsdottir (2004) think it is compliance. They purpose that compliance, which is an individuals’ tendency to go along with “propositions, requests or instructions, for some immediate instrumental gain”, pressurizes them to remain congenial with others, avoiding confrontation and providing pleasure. Although immediate gains of such compliant behavior are obvious, however its long-term effect strains relationships. This correlational study, with 1969 participants, showed that compliant behavior was positively associated with introversion, and negatively with extraversion. In the light of these results, one may speculate that individual’s capacity to comply eventually lead to negative moods which may be detrimental for marital relations. Whether complying behavior is inherent or learnt or both, remains to be understood? For my study some clarity may be there; the above studies suggest that extraversion-introversion could be documented by behaviors, influencing martial relationships.
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Fourth summary.
)Could couple’s similarity in personality lead to better marital adjustment and happiness? Barelds (2005) believe that personality of couples (N = 282) can be different, yet they can enjoy marital bliss and happiness. However, like the studies above, they also found that extraversion was related to marital happiness and introversion to marital difficulties. This study too suggests that inherent traits of extraversion are likely to result in marital bliss than anguish. The study points to the idea that married individuals may have variety in their personality traits, but marital happiness at the core may be linked to the trait of extraversion.
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Final summary.
)In a cross-cultural perspective, Chen, Tanaka, Uji, Hiramura, Shikai, Fujihara, and Kitamura (2007) found that neuroticism of the husbands lead to marital satisfaction in the wives; but wives’ extraversion made husbands’ less satisfied with their marriage (N = 66 couples). So marital bliss may work differently in other cultural contexts. This study will provide a backdrop to suggest a caution that marital bliss in different cultures may work differently and related to other factors.
In many developed and rapidly developing countries, men and women in martial relationships suffer on account of heavy involvement with their jobs and stress. Where some psychologists are interested in abating such factors by helping couples devise ways to spend quality time with each other and reduce stress by relaxation and meditation; other psychologists are investigating inherent personality traits to ascertain which marriages last midst stress and long working involvements. Many such psychologists believe that trait of extraversion in both spouses may be a determining factor in long-term blissful relationships; and that introversion could jeopardize longevity and stability in marital relationship. The above five studies serve as background to our hypothesis, which states that, “higher levels of extraversion will lead to marital bliss, and that higher levels of introversion can lead to marital nightmare.”
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Hypothesis and conclusions
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The word “Reference
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)References
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Alphabetize references list using author’s last name.
)Barelds, D. H. (2005). Self and partner personality in intimate relationships. European Journal of Personality, 19(6), 501-518. doi:10.1002/per.549
Chen, Z., Tanaka, N., Uji, M., Hiramura, H., Shikai, N., Fujihara, S., & Kitamura, T. (2007). The role of personalities in the marital adjustment of Japanese couples. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(4), 561-572. doi:10.2224/sbp.2007.35.4.561
Gudjonsson, G. H., Sigurdsson, J., Bragason, O. O., Einarsson, E., & Valdimarsdottir, E. B. (2004). Compliance and personality: The vulnerability of the unstable introvert. European Journal of Personality, 18(5), 435-443. doi:10.1002/per.514
Lischetzke, T., & Eid, M. (2006). Why extraverts are happier than introverts: The role of mood regulation. Journal of Personality, 74(4), 1127-1162. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00405.x
Tamir, M., Robinson, M. D., & Clore, G. L. (2002). The epistemic benefits of trait-consistent mood states: An analysis of extraversion and mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(3), 663-677. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.663
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