Q & A EARTH SCIENCE NEED IT IN 3 HOURS

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Scientific Methods, Mapping, Satellites, and the Composition

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Questions 1 to 20: Select the best answer to each question. Note that a question and its answers may be split across a page break, so be sure that you have seen the entire question and all the answers before choosing an answer.

1. The combination of the atoms of two or more elements is known as a/an

A. base. B. acid. C. elixir.

D. compound.

2. Astronomy can best be described as a/an

A. daily horoscope.

B. Air Force pilot on a naval carrier.

C. study of objects pertaining to the interior part of the Earth.

D. study of objects beyond the Earth's atmosphere.

3. What element has 81 protons in the nuclei of its atoms?

A. Uranium B. Platinum C. Thallium D. Lead

4. Earth is divided into 24

A. equators.

B. coordinates. C. time zones. D. degrees.

5. Cartography is the science of

A. the prime meridian.

B. the solar system. C. cartoon graphics. D. mapmaking.

6. What are the three particles of an atom?

A. Neutron, electron, and ion

B. Proton, neutron, and electron

C. Proton, ion, and valencium

D. Electron, proton, and isotope

7. What type of map is best suited for maritime navigation?

A. Conic projection

B. Mercator projection

C. Geologic

D. Topographic

8. What measurement best describes the results of a scientific experiment regarding volume?

A. 5 quarts

B. 125 gallons

C. 2 pints

D. 1425 mL

9. The study of the weather is known as

A. microbiology.

B. hydrology.

C. geology.

D. meteorology.

10. What measurement best describes the results of a scientific experiment regarding distance?

A. 500 kilograms

B. 523 inches

C. 51 kilometers

D. 57 miles

11. Which of the following is not a characteristic that geologists use to identify minerals?

A. Fracture

B. Color C. Streak D. Softness

12. What statement best describes an independent variable?

A. The factor that's not changed by the experimenter and is impacted by the dependent variable

B. The factor that does not change, but impacts the constant in an experiment

C. The factor that's changed by the experimenter and impacts the constant in an experiment

D. The factor that's changed by the experimenter and impacts the dependent variable

13. Climatology is a subspecialty of

A. environmental science.

B. meteorology.

C. marine biology.

D. oceanography.

14. Please choose the answer that describes the scientific notation for 3,134,000,000.

A. 31.34 × 109

B. 3.143 × 1045

C. 3.143 × 109

D. 3.134 × 109

15. The five major areas of the study of Earth science are

A. biology, physical science, chemistry, physics, and optometry.

B. chemistry, geology, oceanography, optometry, and philosophy.

C. astronomy, meteorology, geology, oceanography, and optometry.

D. astronomy, meteorology, geology, oceanography, and environmental science.

16. Which statement best describes the formation of diamonds?

A. Diamonds form in kimberlites under very low pressure.

B. Diamonds form in talc under very high pressure.

C. Diamonds form in talc under very low pressure.

D. Diamonds form in kimberlites under very high pressure.

17. Which statement best describes an igneous intrusion?

A. Magma is injected into surrounding rock forming an igneous intrusion.

B. Igneous intrusions form when ice crystals splash into lava.

C. Magma is exported to an open area and forms iron.

D. Magma explodes to the surface and forms a smooth outer layer of rock.

18. A heterogeneous mixture is a

A. mixture that always contains water.

B. component added to sand that makes it inseparable. C. mixture in which its components retain their identity. D. mixture in which its components can't be separated.

19. A person's temperature is 40° C. What would it be in Kelvin?

A. −313 K B. −313° C C. 313° C D. 313 K

20. How is the mass number calculated for an element?

A. The product of neutrons and protons

B. The difference between the mass and the protons

C. There is no calculation.

D. The sum of protons and neutrons

End of exam

Surface Processes on Earth

1. Which of the following is not a type of mass movement that results from the force of gravity?

A. Creep

B. Deflation C. Landslide D. Mudflow

2. The most easily polluted groundwater reservoirs are

A. artesian wells.

B. water-table aquifers.

C. salt reservoirs.

D. sewage plant reservoirs.

3. A divide as it relates to Earth science is the

A. rate of precipitation that exceeds infiltration.

B. stream that flows between two trees.

C. elevated land area that separates one watershed from another.

D. largest river system possible.

4. Which of the following is not a process of a stream load?

A. Suspension

B. Materials in solution

C. Divide

D. Bed Load

5. Which gas is a source of natural groundwater pollution?

A. Oxygen

B. Hydrogen

C. Carbon

D. Radon

6. The triangular-shaped body of water that forms where a streams enters a larger body of water is a/an

A. rejuvenation.

B. delta.

C. alluvial.

D. meander.

7. Which of the following soil types is richest in organic material?

A. Red soil

B. Dark-colored soil

C. Yellow soil

D. Blue soil

8. Which of the following is not a means of water erosion?

A. Natural springs B. Ocean waves C. Rivers

D. Streams

9. Which sentence best describes mass movement?

A. The steady pace of air bouncing off a mountain

B. The downhill movement of animals due to heavy snow in their normal home

C. The downhill flow of soil and rock resulting from gravity

D. The movement of people from New Jersey to Ohio

10. Which of the following best describes deflation as it relates to Earth science?

A. An avalanche caused by skiers

B. The lowering of land surface caused by wind

C. Beach erosion caused by high tides

D. High tides caused by full moons

11. A glacier that covers a wide area is called a glacier.

A. cirque

B. continental C. moraline D. valley

12. A tributary is a river that

A. is in the southeastern United States.

B. has a bank of less than 22 feet.

C. flows into another river or stream.

D. is located in California.

13. The water table is the

A. zone of aeration.

B. lower boundary of the zone of saturation.

C. upper boundary of the zone of saturation.

D. aquifer.

14. When the water level of a stream or river exceeds its natural banks, it has reached its

A. capacity.

B. crest.

C. flood stage.

D. plateau.

15. Which of the following climates is most suited for physical weathering?

A. Warm

B. Dry C. Cool D. Hot

16. Which of the following statements best describes chemical weathering?

A. It always results in dome-shaped formations.

B. It happens only in cool environments.

C. It's the process by which rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition.

D. It's the type of weathering in which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces.

17. Soil can best be described as the

A. third layer beneath the Earth's surface.

B. loose covering of weathered rocks and decaying organic matter.

C. sandy bottom of the ocean's floor.

D. layer of bedrock four layers beneath the Earth's surface.

18. Water that flows downhill along Earth's surface is called

A. rain.

B. cycles.

C. runoff.

D. beach hydraulics.

19. The vertical sequence of the layers of soil is called a soil

A. dynasty. B. profile. C. horizon. D. family.

20. Acid precipitation is caused by a mix of

A. hydrogen, oxygen, and saline.

B. water, soil, and air.

C. respiration, carbonic acids, and seawater.

D. sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.

End of exam

Student ID: 22205087

Exam: 007527RR - The Atmosphere and the Oceans

1. By using sound waves, signals allow oceanographers to determine ocean depth.

A. sonar B. radar C. radio D. phone

2. Because of changes over time, the most accurate weather forecasts are

A. analog forecasts.

B. short-term forecasts. C. seven-days forecasts. D. long-term forecasts.

3. Which statement best describes saturation?

A. Saturation refers to the lack of rainfall on a given day.

B. Saturation is reached when the amount of water vapor in the air has reached the maximum amount.

C. Saturation occurs only in hot, dry climates.

D. Saturation refers to the total rainfall for a year.

4. What is the total salt content of seawater as measured in parts per thousand (ppt)?

A. 3 ppt B. 35 ppt C. 350 ppt D. 3.5 ppt

5. Climate is best described as

A. the areas only where the temperatures drop below freezing.

B. the daily weather as predicted by a meteorologist.

C. the long-term average of weather variations in a specific area.

D. the short-term average of weather variations in a specific area.

6. Lightning heats the surrounding air to

A. 30,000°C.

B. 300°C.

C. 3,000°C.

D. 300,000°C.

7. The greenhouse effect is a result of

A. consumption and radiation of energy in the atmosphere.

B. absorption and radiation of energy in the hydrosphere.

C. consumption of fruits and vegetables that produce a biofuel.

D. absorption and radiation of energy in the atmosphere.

8. The three stages in the development of a full tropical cyclone are formative, mature, and

A. tropical cyclone.

B. tornado.

C. dissipation.

D. damage.

9. Which of the following is an example of a long-term climatic change?

A. Summer B. Ice age C. Winter D. Blizzard

10. Submerged basaltic volcanoes that are higher than 1 km are called

A. seamounts.

B. abyssal plains.

C. guyots.

D. hydrothermal vents.

11. Which of the following is not a major ocean on Earth?

A. Pacific B. Indian C. Atlantic

D. Southern

12. An extended period of well-below-average rainfall is known as a

A. draft.

B. heat wave.

C. drought.

D. flood.

13. Which of the following is not a layer of the atmosphere?

A. Lithosphere

B. Thermosphere

C. Exosphere

D. Mesosphere

14. Which area in the United States has the highest average number of thunderstorms per year?

A. Southwestern B. Mid-Atlantic C. Southeastern D. Northwestern

15. Hydrogenous sediments originate from elements in

A. seawater. B. cold water. C. warm water. D. freshwater.

16. Which of the following is not a natural cause of climatic change?

A. Earth's tilt

B. Human activity C. Volcanic activity D. Solar activity

17. Most tornadoes carry wind speeds that range from

A. 1 to 105 km per hour.

B. 105 to 177 km per hour. C. 178 to 266 km per hour. D. 267 to 322 km per hour.

18. The level of the oceans' surfaces is known as level.

A. surface

B. volcanic oceanic

C. sea

D. atmospheric

19. A is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through space or matter.

A. trough B. crest C. wave D. tide

20. The area in which sediment is deposited along the shore is the

A. cove.

B. beach.

C. cave.

D. current.

End of exam

The Dynamic Earth

1. Mountains that form when large areas of Earth gradually move skyward as a unit are called

mountains.

A. low-lying

B. uplifted

C. improvisation

D. impoverished

2. What is another name for the Circum-Pacific Belt?

A. Pacific Ring of Fire

B. Mount Pinatubo

C. Mediterranean Belt

D. Mount Vesuvius

3. Soil liquefaction occurs when

A. seismic vibrations pollute the entire atmosphere.

B. seismic vibrations impact only the inner core of Earth.

C. seismic vibrations have no impact on topsoil.

D. seismic vibrations cause the ground to act like a liquid.

4. The bowl-shaped depression at the top of a volcano is a

A. vent.

B. fissure. C. conduit. D. crater.

5. Well into the twentieth century, many scientists believed the ocean floor was

A. flat.

B. rocky. C. sandy. D. round.

6. Which statement best describes the Richter scale?

A. It's a numerical rating system that measures the largest seismic waves during an earthquake.

B. It's named after a scientist who studied tornadoes.

C. It's a test given to all geologists.

D. It's a numerical system that measures the smallest seismic waves during an earthquake.

7. The process in which the floors of a building collapse on one another is known as

A. a landslide.

B. earthquake shakedown.

C. earthquake panic.

D. pancaking.

8. Any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves is known as a

A. strain.

B. deformation.

C. stress.

D. fault.

9. What type of instrument measures seismic waves?

A. Seismic scale B. Seismogram C. Seismometer D. Mercalli scale

10. Consider the following scenario: You live near the shoreline and hear a report that an earthquake hit the ocean floor near your location. Your town may experience

A. hail.

B. a tsunami.

C. rain.

D. snow.

11. was the first person to propose the idea of moving continents as a scientific hypothesis.

A. Charles Richter

B. Alfred Wegener

C. Antonio Snider-Pelligrini

D. Abraham Ortelius

12. Which of the following is not a convergent boundary?

A. Oceanic-oceanic

B. Continental-volcanic

C. Continental-continental

D. Oceanic-continental

13. The three types of stress that act on Earth's rocks are compression, tension, and

A. tension. B. tephra. C. shale. D. shear.

14. The condition of equilibrium that results in the displacement of the mantle by the continental and oceanic crust is known as

A. root rebound.

B. topography

C. isostasy.

D. erosion.

15. currents assist in the transfer of thermal energy from warmer climates to cooler climates.

A. Plutonium B. Convection C. Platonic

D. Tectonic

16. Which earthquake scale takes into consideration the damage caused by an earthquake?

A. Moment magnitude scale

B. Amplitude scale

C. Richter scale

D. Modified Mercalli scale

17. The three major types of volcanoes are

A. shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and calderas.

B. shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite volcanoes.

C. shield volcanoes, conduits, and vents.

D. calderas, conduits, and vents.

18. Lava and other materials that are launched from a volcano into the air are referred to as

A. basalts. B. flows. C. tephra. D. magma.

19. describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot fluids, ash, and gases.

A. Magnetism

B. Volcanism

C. Hydraulic energy

D. Thermal energy

20. Intrusive igneous rock bodies are called

A. cinder cones.

B. plutons. C. tectonics. D. tephra.

End of exam

Geologic Time

1. Geologists have divided Earth's history into time units, which are largely based on

A. fossils.

B. written correspondences.

C. oral histories.

D. climates.

2. What is the most abundant fossil fuel?

A. Gas B. Coal C. Oil

D. Wood

3. The principle that states the undisturbed rock sequence has the oldest rocks on the bottom is known as

A. superposition.

B. original juxtaposition.

C. relative age dating.

D. original parallelism.

4. In addition to being necessary for respiration, also provides UV radiation protection.

A. hydrogen

B. carbon dioxide

C. oxygen

D. water

5. The building blocks of proteins are known as

A. carbon dioxide.

B. amino acids.

C. oxygen.

D. euphoric acid.

6. In addition to possibly releasing harmful chemicals in the environment, mining is considered

A. the most lucrative job in the United States.

B. the least lucrative job in the United States.

C. the most dangerous job in the United States.

D. the least dangerous job in the United States.

7. The resources that are provided by Earth are known as resources.

A. synthetic B. renewable C. natural

D. nonrenewable

8. The time units used by scientists to divide Earth's history are part of the

A. 24-hour model.

B. geologic time scale.

C. 360° latitude.

D. 180° longitude.

9. The loss of topsoil in very dry areas of the world is known as

A. water intensification.

B. desertification.

C. soil intensification.

D. soil inhabitation.

10. Which colorless and odorless gas, produced by radioactive decay of Uranium-238, is considered to be a cancer-causing agent?

A. Boron B. Radon C. Oxygen

D. Hydrogen

11. The microscopic organisms at the base of the marine food chain are known as

A. terrestrial animals.

B. phytoplankton.

C. primitive life.

D. plant life.

12. The greenhouse effect is related to the phenomenon of an increase in average surface temperature known as

A. air pollution.

B. agricultural improvement.

C. global warming.

D. conservation.

13. When new clay sediment is deposited on top of old beach material, it's known as

A. regression. B. aggression. C. progression.

D. transgression.

14. Fuels derived from living things are known as

A. biomass fuels. B. hybrid fuels. C. electricity.

D. synthetic fuels.

15. A substance that enters Earth's cycles and does harm to living things is

A. a pollutant. B. freshwater. C. oxygen.

D. hydrogen.

16. Scientists can determine if oxygen existed in Earth's Archean atmosphere by

A. determining how many people survived.

B. looking at the amount of salt content in rocks. C. determining the lack of oxidation that occurred. D. looking for oxidized iron in rocks.

17. The change in isotopes over time due to the emission of radioactive particles is known as

A. radioactive decay. B. absolute-age dating. C. half-life.

D. radiometric dating.

18. Small fragments of orbiting bodies that have fallen on Earth's surface are known as

A. asteroids. B. meteorites. C. zirconium. D. uranium.

19. Which of the following resources is a nonrenewable resource?

A. River

B. Tree

C. Carbon

D. Gold

20. The ancient geographic setting of an area is known as its

B. transgression.

C. paleogeography.

D. passive margin.

A. phytoplankton.

End of exam

Beyond Earth

1. Which types of telescope use a mirror to bring light to focus?

A. Reflecting telescopes

B. Refracting telescopes

C. Interferometry telescopes

D. Array telescopes

2. says the universe began as a point and expanded.

A. Cosmology

B. Evolution

C. Hubble's law

D. The Big Bang theory

3. Large groups of galaxy clusters that appear in sheetlike and threadlike shapes are known as

A. Milky Way center.

B. local clusters. C. superclusters. D. large clusters.

4. Edwin Hubble categorized galaxies according to their

A. food supplies.

B. inhabitants.

C. shapes.

D. colors.

5. A constellation is that forms a pattern resembling animals, mythological characters, or objects.

A. one single planet

B. a group of stars

C. a group of meteors

D. an entire galaxy

6. Who first introduced the idea that the Sun is the center of the universe?

A. Albert Einstein

B. Nicolaus Copernicus

C. Edwin Hubble

D. Johannes Kepler

7. The passing of the Moon directly between Earth and the Sun is a/an

A. solar eclipse.

B. solar shower.

C. meteor shower.

D. elliptical ocular illusion.

8. An explosion that destroys the outer portion of a star is known as a

A. nebula.

B. protostar. C. supernova. D. supergiant.

9. What is the largest object in our solar system?

A. Saturn

B. An asteroid

C. Jupiter

D. The Sun

10. The cloud of interstellar dust and gas that forms a star is known as a

A. white dwarf.

B. red giant.

C. nebula.

D. protostar.

11. The photosphere is the innermost layer of the Sun, and it's also the

A. atmospheric pressure of Jupiter.

B. visible surface of the Sun.

C. invisible surface of the Sun.

D. nickname for the outer atmosphere of Earth.

12. The Moon is made up of minerals similar to those on Earth, which are

A. rilles.

B. lunar breccias.

C. silicates.

D. highlands.

13. With a diameter that's 11 times larger than Earth's, is the largest planet.

A. Jupiter

B. Mars

C. Saturn

D. Venus

14. The four giant gas planets that are made primarily of lightweight elements are

A. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Neptune. B. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. C. Venus, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. D. Earth, Saturn, Neptune, and Venus.

15. When the Moon reaches equal periods of orbital and rotational periods, it's known as rotation.

A. imbalanced

B. asynchronous

C. synchronous

D. non-conforming

16. The dark, smooth surface areas of the Moon are known as

A. maria.

B. highlands.

C. craters.

D. rilles.

17. Dark spots on the photosphere are known as

A. solar wind.

B. the chromosphere.

C. sunspots.

D. the corona.

18. A basic observation of a star is how bright it appears. This brightness is known as the star's

A. absolute magnitude.

B. luminosity.

C. absent magnitude.

D. apparent magnitude.

19. discovered that there were other galaxies besides the Milky Way.

A. Albert Einstein

B. Sir Isaac Newton

C. Edwin Hubble

D. Galilei Galileo

20. The study of the universe, including its origin, nature, and evolution is known as

A. cosmology.

B. meteorology.

C. geography.

D. geology.

End of exam