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Sustainable

Development

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Sustainable Development

 Ideas date back to the work of Malthus on population growth in the late 1700s.

 The debate started in the early 1970s following a range of key publications such

as:

Silent Spring (Rachel Carson, 1962)

How to be a Survivor: A Plan to Save Spaceship Earth (Paul Erlich 1971);

The Limits to Growth (Meadows et al. 1972) by the Club of Rome;

A Blueprint for Survival (The Ecologist, 1972) promoting a movement for man to live ‘with’ nature and

calling for a stable (and sustainable) society with a diversity of physical and social

environments ;

Only One Earth (Barbara Ward and Rene Dubos, 1972) for the UN Conference on the Human

Environment in Stockholm in that year; and

Small is Beautiful (Schumacher 1973).

WHY:

Predatory use of resources, Environmental constraints, Economic development

exacerbating poverty and creating tremendous gaps among nations.

The concept of sustainable development has also built on a range of other concepts, e.g.

‘sustainable yield’. ‘eco-development’, ‘deep ecology'.

DDT – once the most commonly used pesticide in

North America. Source

1874 - first synthesized

1939 - DDT's insecticidal properties –

discovered

1948 – Nobel price to Paul Hermann Mueller

“efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against

several arthropods”

1962 – Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

1969 – DDT is banned in Canada

1972 – DDT is banned in the US

By 2004 – banned in most countries. Used still

in some countries.

Sustainable Development

Definitions

"For development to be sustainable, it must take account of social and

ecological factors, as well as economic ones; of the living and non-

living resource base; and of the long-term as well as the short-term

advantages and disadvantages of alternative action" (World

Conservation Strategy (IUCN/WWF/UNEP, 1980)

"Economic and social development that meets the needs of the current

generation without undermining the ability of future generations to

meet their own needs". Gro Harlem Brundtland, 1987 by the World

Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

What is Sustainable Development? Aspen Institute, 2006

http://fora.tv/2006/07/05/What_is_Sustainable_Development

Sustainable Development - The 1st Milestone

The first global meeting: the U.N. Conference on the Human

Environment in 1972 with focus:

 environmental issues that were most evident in the wealthy nations,

 industrial development

 rapid growth in

consumption,

e.g. pollution and

waste.

Picture

The UN Conference on Environment and Development

(UNCED), (the Earth Summit), 1992, Rio de Janeiro

The 2nd Milestone Picture

The UN Conference on Environment and Development

(UNCED), (the Earth Summit), 1992, Rio de Janeiro

The 2nd Milestone

This conference approved a set of five agreements:

 Agenda 21: a global plan of action for sustainable development, containing over 100

programme areas, ranging from trade and environment, through agriculture and

desertification to capacity building and technology transfer.

 The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development - a statement of 27 key

principles to guide the integration of environment and development policies (including

the polluter pays, prevention, precautionary and participation principles).

 The Statement of Principles on Forests - the first global consensus on the

management, conservation and sustainable development of the world's forests.

 The Framework Convention on Climate Change - a legally-binding agreement to

stabilise greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at levels that will not upset the global

climate system.

 The Convention on Biological Diversity - a legally-binding agreement to conserve the

world's genetic, species and ecosystem diversity and share the benefits of its use in a

fair and equitable way.

Barry Dalal-Clayton, IIED, What is Sustainable Development

Johannesburg Conference on Sustainable

Development 2002 - the 3rd Milestone

20 000 participants from 189 member

Results: A political declaration and a plan of implementation for

sustainable development

Areas of particular significance for sustainable development:

 water,

 energy,

 health,

 agriculture and

 biological diversity.

Rio+20 - United Nations Conference on Sustainable

Development 2012 – the 4th Milestone

The objective of the Conference was to secure renewed political

commitment for sustainable development, assess the progress to

date and the remaining gaps in the implementation of the outcomes

of the major summits on sustainable development, and address new

and emerging challenges

The Conference was focused on two themes:

(a) a green economy in the context of sustainable development and

poverty eradication;

(b) The institutional framework for sustainable development.

Sustainable Development

There is a growing consensus that sustainable development means

achieving a quality of life that can be maintained for many

generations because it is:

• socially desirable, fulfilling people's cultural, material and spiritual

needs in equitable ways.

• economically viable, paying for itself, with costs not exceeding

income, and

• ecologically sustainable, maintaining the long-term viability of

supporting ecosystems.

Barry Dalal-Clayton, IIED, What is Sustainable Development

Gap Minder Gapminder is a non-profit venture – a modern “museum” on the Internet – promoting sustainable global

development and achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.

Global Citizen: Hans Rosling at The University of Oslo: "Fact Based World

View"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvUxnnlKZSc

Prof. Hans Rosling on global population growth

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTznEIZRkLg

Development - World Poster 2013

http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/gapminder-world-poster-2013/

Human Development Trends, 2005

http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/human-development-trends-2005/

GAP Minder - Videos

http://www.gapminder.org/videos/

Millennium Development Goals –

Global Action Plan

United Nations Development Programme –

Millennium Development Goals

 Fighting poverty

 Building democratic societies

 Preventing crisis, enabling recovery

 Protecting the environment

 Halting & reversing HIV/AIDS

 Empowering women

 Growing national capacity

Read more: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home.html

International Community and Business Community

July 2000, the UN Global Compact is a both a policy platform and a practical framework

for companies that are committed to sustainability and responsible business

practices. Partnerships between business, governments, civil society, labour and the

United Nations

The UN Global Compact is the world's largest corporate citizenship and sustainability

initiative. Since its official launch on 26 July 2000, the initiative has grown to more

than 7700 participants, including over 5300 businesses in 130 countries around the

world. It is a network-based initiative with the Global Compact Office and six UN

agencies at its core.

The searchable database of all Global Compact participants, including links to

companies' annual Communications on Progress (COP).

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/participants/search

Example: Bombardier (Canada)

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/participant/1397-Bombardier-Inc

The UN Global Compact's ten principles

The Global Compact asks companies to embrace, support and enact, within their sphere of influence, a set of core

values in the areas of human rights, labour standards, the environment, and anti-corruption:

Human Rights

* Principle 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights; and

* Principle 2: make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses.

Labour Standards

* Principle 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to

collective bargaining;

* Principle 4: the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour;

* Principle 5: the effective abolition of child labour; and

* Principle 6: the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.

Environment

* Principle 7: Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges;

* Principle 8: undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; and

* Principle 9: encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies.

Anti-Corruption

* Principle 10: Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery.

Business Participation

Canada

Sustainable Development Strategies: Evolution of the Federal

Approach

Public Consultations

Federal Sustainable Development Strategy

http://www.ec.gc.ca/dd-sd/default.asp?lang=En&n=CD30F295-1

Environmental Indicators

http://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=En

Canada

The second cycle of the FSDS reaffirms the four priority themes introduced in the first cycle,

namely:

I. Addressing Climate Change and Air Quality;

II. Maintaining Water Quality and Availability;

III. Protecting Nature; and

IV. Shrinking the Environmental Footprint – Beginning with Government

Source: http://www.ec.gc.ca/dd-sd/A22718BA-0107-4B32-BE17-A438616C4F7A/FSDS-2013-2016-draft-ENG-feb14-230pm.pdf