Intellectual Property
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5_hints_for_reference_pages.pptx5 Helpful Hints
What to Avoid in Your Bibliography
What is a Reference Page?
A bibliography is a list of all the sources (articles, books, etc) that you plan to use in your paper.
A reference page is a list of all the sources you have already used in your paper.
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What does a reference page include?
It ALWAYS contains the following information for each source:
Author’s name
Title of article
Title of journal, magazine, or book where the article is located
Date the article was published
Who published it (publishing company, organization)
Why do we need a Reference Page?
The reference page serves two main functions:
It allows the reader to verify that you have used credible sources.
It allows the reader to go out and find the exact books and articles you used, whether to verify your facts or pursue his or her own research.
What does a Reference Page Look Like?
Glad you asked!
Today we’ll go over five of the things you should keep in mind when you are creating your own reference page. These are by no means all the rules you will need to know, but it will help you get started with the basic layout and formatting of your reference page.
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1. Double Spacing
Make sure your entire bibliography is double-spaced, with no extra spaces between entries.
2. Hanging Indent
The first line of every entry should be flush with the margin.
Every subsequent line should be INDENTED 5 spaces (or 1 tab).
(Highlight all your entries, and to the “line spacing” tool. Select “line spacing options.” Under “special,” select “hanging”)
This helps the reader scan down the side of the page quickly. The purpose of a reference page is to allow the readers to identify which sources you are using, so they can 1) see that you are using credible sources, and 2) go out and find that specific book, article, etc, for themselves to do further research or verify your facts. Hanging indent helps the reader to scan quickly down the margin and find the author they are looking for.
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3. Alphabetized
Reference page entries should ALWAYS be alphabetized by the authors’ last names.
(Highlight all your entries, and then use the “sort” tool)
4. Rules of Capitalization
Only the FIRST WORD of an article title is capitalized (and the first word after a semi-colon).
Every subsequent word is in lower case, unless it is a proper noun – name, city, etc.
Examples:
Plagiarism is not a big moral deal.
Petrarch’s apes: Originality, plagiarism and copyright principles within visual culture.
The ontology of plagiarism: Part two.
Note: Article titles are NOT in quotation marks.
5. Italicize Titles of Books, Journals, Periodicals
The title of the journal, newspaper, etc. where the article is published is italicized.
Examples:
The New York Times
Journal of Intellectual Property and Entertainment Law
Time Magazine
The New Yorker
For more specific rules . . .
Consult the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL):
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Practice Together:
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global
literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3
rd
ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics
Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the
language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning . Great Britain: The Harvester Press
Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature
(54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-
1402). 3
rd
ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the
language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In
Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning . Great Britain: The Harvester
Press Limited.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory.
Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of
literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global
literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3
rd
ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics
Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the
language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning . Great Britain: The Harvester Press
Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature
(54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In
Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3
rd
ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics
Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the
language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning . Great Britain: The Harvester Press
Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature
(54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Bibliography
Derrida, J. (1967). Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences. In Global literary theory (pp. 94-106). New York: Routledge.
Fish, S. (1971). Is there a text in this class? In Critical Theory Since Plato (pp. 1396-1402). 3rd ed. Ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Hrushovski, B. (1980). The meaning of sound patterns in poetry: An interaction theory. Poetics Today, 2(1), 39-56.
Hymes, D. H. (1960). Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. Essays on the language of literature (33-53). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jakobson, R. (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited.
Masson, D. I. (1960). Thematic analysis of sounds in poetry. Essays on the language of literature (54-68). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
