2 papers and powerpoint for prof. Hayyah
Dtvsatking
unit_6.docRunning head: Personal Leadership/Ethics Statement 1
GB580
Personal Leadership/Ethics Statement James McComas
Abstract
Within this paper we will discuss about the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) for cultural and ethical values where we would apply this theory to our personal and workplace differences means how we relate such type of guidelines to our personal statement of ethical values of life. There are many cultural differences among us where we would apply Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory framework for such cross-cultural communication and the applicable theories of ethics.
Table of Contents
5 Ethics approach based on MBTI
6 MBTI and ethics influence on Leadership
Introduction
The MBTI inventory has a long standing tradition of ethics and ethical administration and interpretation which stems back to the tireless conviction and high standards which maintained by Isabel Myers in the creation of instrument.
Having personal and workplace ethics in place is important to guard against misuse or superficial use of a psychological tool. This is especially important for MBTI tool, as it is one of only a few psychological type tools having widespread use and impact on peoples’ individual lives. Most psychological instruments used with the general population are trait instruments; the MBTI inventory’s foundation, theory, construction and psychometric properties are substantially different from the trait instruments that are growing in popularity today. Myers, Isabel Briggs; Mary H. McCaulley (1985).
Hofstede's proposed a framework for cross-cultural communication i.e. more important while we are at our workplace to communicate for cross-trade purposes. We have to know the values of ethics of other cultures although we need to realize that such cultures mean is same of everyone.
However, we proposed to include five theories of ethics which must be include while we are at our personal statement or behavior or at workplace.
MBTI TYPE
C.G. Jung, Psychological Types explained as, “…the opinion has gotten about that my method…consists in fitting [people] into this system and giving them corresponding ‘advice.’ This regrettable misunderstanding completely ignores the fact that this kind of classification is nothing but a childish parlor game…My topology is far rather a critical apparatus serving to sort out and organize the welter of empirical material, but not in any sense to stick labels on people at first sight.”
The MBTI Type Indicator is the instrument that developed and constructed by Katharine Briggs and Isabel Myers; the instrument provides us an understanding of Carl Jung’s theory of psychological types. Psychological type describes healthy differences between people and their culture & ethics; it does not explain or measure competence, skills, success factors, excellence, natural ability or psychological problems though applies psychological type does imply personality preferences. Myers, Isabel Briggs; McCaulley Mary H.; Quenk, Naomi L.; Hammer, Allen L. (1998).
If we apply MBTI type to our personal theory where we have to consider below dichotomous pairs of cognitive functions:
· The "rational" (judging) functions: thinking and feeling
· The "irrational" (perceiving) functions: sensation and intuition
16 Psychological types as discussed below:
ISTJ: Quiet, serious, earn success by thoroughness and dependability. Practical, matter-of-fact, realistic, and responsible.
ISFJ: Quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious. Committed and steady in meeting their obligations.
INFJ: Seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions.
INTJ: Have original minds and great drive for implementing their ideas and achieving their goals
ISTP: Tolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a problem appears, then act quickly to find workable solutions.
ISFP: Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind. Enjoy the present moment, what's going on around them.
INFP: Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people who are important to them. Want an external life that is congruent with their values.
INTP: Seek to develop logical explanations for everything that interests them. Theoretical and abstract, interested more in ideas than in social interaction.
ESTP: Flexible and tolerant, they take a pragmatic approach focused on immediate results.
ESFP: Outgoing, friendly, and accepting. Exuberant lovers of life, people, and material comforts.
ENFP: Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative.
ENTP: Quick, ingenious, stimulating, alert, and outspoken. Resourceful in solving new and challenging problems.
ESTJ: Practical, realistic, matter-of-fact. Decisive, quickly move to implement decisions.
ESFJ: Warmhearted, conscientious, and cooperative. Want harmony in their environment, work with determination to establish it.
ENFJ: Warm, empathetic, responsive, and responsible. Highly attuned to the emotions, needs, and motivations of others
ENTJ: Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily. Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organizational problems.
Ethics approach based on MBTI
Based on the Psychological types, we can learn and maintain our personal ethics and values with the cross-cultural dimensions where different people or culture have their own ethical values which must be consider while be communicating with them at anywhere.
Usually, it happens, while we are at our workplace where we meet different types of people which belong to different where with the help of above ‘Types’ we can easily communicate with others. That behavior where we didn’t know the people but were able to talk well shows our skills of learning of these effective Psychological Types ethical values
Applicable Theories
There are many cultural and ethical which could be applicable to maintain the personal and workplace ethical values (Sadler Gregory, “Five Ethical Theories”).
Egoism: This theory defines the individuals self and its needs
Utilitarianism: overall pleasure and pain for all concerned
Deontology: It’s defines our responsibility or duty
Care Ethics: This theory shows the care for others as; relationships, vulnerability, and empathy
Virtue Ethics: shows your personality or character
MBTI and ethics influence on Leadership
MBTI and ethics shows the skills of leadership means if you have been following the MBTI Types and the ethical theories means you are able to handle the situation and know the reality of values where can help anyone to understand those values. Zeisset, Carolyn (2006).
These values help you to express yourself in front of cross-cultural values where you would be able to talk with anyone. At the other end, leadership need such skills to contract with people or talk with them means, how to behave at every situation, how to handle the situations, how to initiate and maintain patience until its complete, etc.
In today’s real world, where Leadership requires such skills: purpose, people, planet and probity which shows the charter of an ethical organization and its leader.
Cultural Dimensions
Hofstede's defines a cultural dimensions theory by introducing a framework for cross-cultural communication that were developed by Geert Hofstede. It describes the belongings of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these cross-cultural values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis. Moreover, this theory has been widely used in several fields as a paradigm for research, particularly in cross-cultural psychology, international management, and cross-cultural communication. Hofstede, Geert, Gert Jan Hofstede and Michael Minkov (2010).
Cross cultural differences shown in diagram as:
References
Myers, Isabel Briggs; Mary H. McCaulley (1985). Manual: A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (2nd Ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. ISBN 0-89106-027-8.
Myers, Isabel Briggs; McCaulley Mary H.; Quenk, Naomi L.; Hammer, Allen L. (1998). MBTI Manual (A guide to the development and use of the Myers Briggs type indicator). Consulting Psychologists Press; 3rd ed edition. ISBN 0-89106-130-4.
Zeisset, Carolyn (2006). The Art of Dialogue: Exploring Personality Differences for More Effective Communication. Gainesville, FL: Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Inc. p. 13. ISBN 0-935652-77-9.
Sipps, G.J., R.A. Alexander, and L. Friedt (1985). "Item Analysis of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator." Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 789-796.
Hofstede, Geert, Gert Jan Hofstede and Michael Minkov (2010).Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sadler Gregory, “ Five Ethical Theories”, Bare Bones for Business Educators. Retrieved From: https://www.academia.edu/1702607/Five_Ethical_Theories_Bare_Bones_for_Business_Educators
Uncertain Distance
Power Distance
Cultural Differences
Individualism & Collectivism
Masculinity
/feminity
