i have homework in nutrition

Chapter 7 Questions

Instructions:

· Provide detailed responses to the following questions. Responses should be in your own words.

· Responses should be written in paragraph format, using complete sentences with proper spelling and grammar. Points will be lost for incorrect or incomplete responses, or improper writing techniques.

· Complete responses should be submitted via Canvas by the assigned due date.

1. What is the difference between metabolism and energy metabolism?

2. Fill in the table belowanabolism.

Pathway	Definition	Energy Involvement	Examples
Anabolism
Catabolism

3. Define:

a. ATP

b. ADP

c. AMP

4. What makes ATP a “high-energy” compound?

5. What are three very metabolically active tissues/organs in the body?

6. Briefly define the following chemical reactions.

REACTION	DEFINITION
Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis
Phosphorylation
Oxidation-Reduction

7. Define:

a. Enzymes:

b. Cofactors

c. Coenzymes:

8. a. What is glycolysis?

b. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis? What are the end products?

9. What can lactate be converted to and were does this occur?

10. What is the TCA cycle?

11. a. What is the importance of oxaloacetate?

b. What would happen to the rate of the TCA cycle in the presence of poor carbohydrate intake?

12. What is the electron transport chain and where does it occur?

13. What is lipolysis? What can glycerol be converted into?

14. Define β-oxidation.

15. What is the difference in energy production between glucose and fatty-acids?

16. What are ketones? Under what conditions does ketone body production increase?

17. Define proteolysis.

18. What are glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids? What do each form? What is oxidative deamination?

19. Where is ammonia converted to urea? What organ excretes urea?

20. Why do high protein intakes increase the risk for dehydration?

21. What is transamination?

22. Define keto acid. Are they the same as ketones? Why or why not?

23. What is gluconeogenesis and why is it important?

24. What is lipogenesis?

25. List and describe the hormones that help regulate energy metabolism.

26. What happens to carbohydrates, protein and fat during times of feasting, fasting and starvation?

27. What is first pass metabolism? How does eating affect alcohol absorption?

28. What is the primary site of alcohol metabolism? What happens with prolonged alcohol abuse on this organ?

29. What nutrients are affected by chronic alcohol abuse?

30. What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

31. What are the short and long-term effects of alcohol abuse?