| Industry ----> |
| | Risk | Importer | Exporter | L/M/S | How to Overcome It |
| | Economic conditions | | X | L |
| | Fluctuations in industry |
| | Competition |
| | Technological change |
| | Change in preferences |
| | Costs and expenses |
| | Regulations |
| | Expropriation |
| | Interest rates |
| | Government monetary policy |
| | Government fiscal policy |
| | Internal and external wars |
| | Difference in culture and religion |
| | Ownership of factories and property |
| | Human resource restrictions |
| | Intellectual property |
| | Discrimination |
| | Red tape and corruption |
| | Blockage of funds or capital accounts |
| | Change in government |