Give my paper the Final version

Signal phrases after/ before the in-text citation

It is VERY important that you use signal phrases.

Signal phrases are VERBS that help your reader better understand your paper.

Questions to ask:

Are you providing background?

Explaining a concept?

Supporting a claim?

Lending authority?

Refuting a belief?

Admitted

Agreed

Argued

Asserted

Believed

Claimed

Compared

Confirmed

Declared

Denied (p. 183 in PSM)

APA Direct Quotes

2 Ways

Attributive tag, signal phrase (According to…)

Author’s last name (Only use last name!)

Year article was published

Direct quote

Page number

According to Rowe (2015) “grading essays takes thirty hours outside the classroom a week” (p. 2).

APA Direct Quotes #2

First way is good, but… there is another way

Author’s last name (year)

Signals readers—Hey! These are not my words or ideas.

Rowe (2015) “grading essays takes thirty hours a week, outside of the classroom” (p. 2).

Either is acceptable.

3 things- Last name (year) “……” (page number).

APA Indirect Quotes

2 ways

Rowe (2015) paraphrase or summary, page number.

Rowe (2015) claims that composition assessment is another full time job outside of class time for teachers (p.2).

OR

Composition assessment is another full time job outside of class time for teachers (Rowe, 2015, p.2).

The in-text citation documentation is either at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Two or More Authors

Two Authors

Rowe and Smith (2015)…

Rowe & Smith (2015)….

Three to Five Authors

First time source is used:

Rowe, Smith, Hall, and Jones (2015)

In citations that follow use:

Rowe et al. (2015)

APA In-text Citations

Six or More Authors

Rowe et al. (2015)

Author’s With the Same Last Name

Use the first initial with the last name.

M. Rowe and S. Rowe (2015)

Quotes LONGER than 40 words need to be indented!

Seriously, if I see a block quote—I count the words.

Multiple Sources State the Same Claim

EACH source needs to be accounted for!

Grouping sources together demonstrates GREAT research!

All sources listed-separated by semi-colons.

(Rowe, 2015; Hall, 2013; Smith, 2011).

A Stern Warning

You must cite IMMEDIATELY after the summary, paraphrase, or direct quote! YOU CANNOT CITE AT THE END OF THE PARAGRAPH ONLY! This is NOT acceptable.

statistics

Any statistic MUST BE CITED! Zero tolerance policy.

You didn’t pull “eight out of ten people cannot read upside down”—out of your head.

Your PSM book and Perdue Owl are available for free today, tomorrow they start charging!

It is your responsibility to properly cite in the research essay.

I will hold you accountable!

Revision Time!

Take a few minutes and revise your essays for proper APA in-text citation format!

I don’t need the whole quote

Use Brackets!

[ …]

Used to omit unneeded words from quotes.

Omitting words is […]

PSM disagrees, but . . .

Used to insert your own words

Adding words [needs]