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American Sociologists

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Albion SMALL (1854 – 1926)

  • “School of Chicago”  A way of thinking from the University of Chicago

  • This brought the United States to a prominent position in the world of sociological thought

  • Introduction to the Science of Sociology (1890)

  • Founded the American Journal of Sociology in 1895

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Robert PARKS (1864 - 1944)

  • Chicago School of Sociology
  • Journalist in Chicago
  • Founded the American Sociological Society
  • Urbanization
  • Discord
  • Disintegrating effect (becoming less integrated into society)
  • Crime rates
  • Isolation of communities and the need to integrate people into society in a better way

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Jane Adams (1860 – 1935)

  • Active sociologist
  • Founded the Hull House for the Poor
  • Published hundreds of articles in the American Journal of Sociology
  • Hull House Maps and Papers (1893)  Research methodology
  • Nobel Peace Prize laureate

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George Herbert MEAD (1863 - 1931)

  • Socialization: Interaction creates a concept of the self
  • Social interaction through symbols, words, gestures, and body language
  • The Symbolic Interactive Perspective
  • Hated writing: After his death, his students published his book based on class notes
  • Mind, Self, and Society, 1934, University of Chicago Press

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W.E.B. Du Bois (1868 - 1963)

  • Founded the NAACP in 1909
  • “Pen pal” with Albert Einstein, who called racism “America’s Worst Disease”
  • Political activist
  • Visited Germany in 1936: Called the treatment of Jews an “attack on civilization”
  • Directed the Encyclopedia Africana in Ghana in 1961

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Talcott Parsons (1902 - 1979)

  • Structural functionalist
  • Family is the most important institution for the survival of society (Different from Jean Jacques Rousseau)
  • The “traditional” division of labor in the family cell
  • Man  Physical and economic needs
  • Woman  Expressive needs
  • Other institutions (welfare, school, social services, etc.) are meant to assist the family meet its needs

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Robert Merton (1910 - 2003)

  • Structural functionalist
  • Behavior:
  • Manifest consequences (intended)
  • Latent consequences (unintended)
  • In business, there are negative and positive consequences
  • A dysfunctional consequence weakens the social bonds and produces a negative societal effect
  • Social Theory and Social Structure (1968)
  • Influenced Herbert GANS:

 The Positive Functions of Poverty (1972)

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C. Wright MILLS (1916 - 1962)

  • The Sociological Imagination (1959)
  • “Vocabularies of motive”  People are not interested in real motives, but rather in the way they are expressed and justified
  • Position at Columbia University in 1945 even though he was often criticized because of unconventional views
  • Conflict theorist accused of being a Marxist
  • “White Collar”  elite, high social status
  • “Power Elite”  a small group of business

men, generals, politicians, media moguls,

and bank owners who structure the entire

country in order to suit their own desires

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References

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