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3. How did the policy of Muscovite princes in relationship with the Mongols serve their own interests and those of the Russian people? (Be specific).

By demonstrating obedience and eagerness to cooperate with the Mongols, the Muscovite princes achieved full trust on the part of the Mongols. They became established as Grand Princes, received commission for collecting tribute for the Mongols from the other Russian princes. That resulted in extra income that was used for the purchase of more lands and bring back (buy back) the captives. It also gave Muscovite princes financial authority, and indirectly judicial authority over the other Russian princes. As a result, Muscovite power and prestige grew. The Russian lands became united around the strong center - Moscow.

11. State in short the theory “Moscow - Third Rome”. the rewriter please highlight The main points

The victory of Kulicovo Field brought in its wake a feeling of national unity and gave rise to national consciousness, which provided an impetus for the development of culture. Moscow had developed into the biggest center of trade and crafts with a rich torg (marketplace) and a rapidly growing city. Moscow's external ties grew ever more active. The city continued to stand devastating and frequent sieges and in 1408 a great army led by Khan Yedigei approached the Kremlin wall. In 1439, Moscow repulsed an attack by Khan Ulu Muhammed, who was dealt a crushing blow by the Russian warriors led by Boyar Vladimir Khovrin. Ivan the Third (Great) ruled as the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1462 until 1505. He tripled the territory of his state, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. Almost simultaneously, representatives of the Moscow state flatly rejected the decision of the Council of Florence on the union of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches under the authority of the Holy.

Essay question:

Discuss in short the nature of the schism (the Old believers and the New believers) in the 17th century Russian Orthodox Church. Minimum of 100 words.