FINANCE ASSIGNMENT.
Due April 11.docx
This assignment is due April 11,
Application: Using Variance Analysis in Decision Making
A good budget is built with thoughtful consideration of future costs and revenue. Though your budget is formulated with expected figures in mind, the actual resulting values may vary considerably. This variance–from projected to actual–can be a pleasant surprise or a fiscal nightmare and can make financial decision making difficult. Fortunately, variance analysis can enable management to determine why variance occurred and what can be done to mitigate its effects.
Variance Analysis
|
Actual Service Volume: |
|
|
75,000 |
|
|
|
Budget Service Volume: |
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
Variable Expense Factor: |
|
|
40.0% |
|
|
|
Volume Change Percent: |
|
|
-50.0% |
|
|
|
Volume Adjustment Factor: |
|
|
-20.0% |
|
|
|
Description |
Actual |
|
Budget |
|
Variance (Unfavorable) |
|
Salaries |
$345,000 |
|
$413,000 |
|
$68,000 |
|
Volume Adjustment |
|
|
(82,600) ( |
|
($82,600) |
|
Volume Adjusted Salaries |
$345,000 |
|
$330,400 |
|
($14,600) |
|
Paid Hours |
11,000 |
|
9,500 |
|
(1,500) |
|
Volume Adjustment |
|
|
(1,900) |
|
(1,900) |
|
Volume Adjusted Hours |
$11,000 |
|
$7,600 |
|
(3,400) |
|
Labor Rate |
$31.36 |
|
$43.47 |
|
$12.11 |
|
Labor Rate Variance: |
|
|
$92,036 |
|
|
|
Efficiency Variance: |
|
|
($106,636) |
|
|
|
Total Variance: |
|
|
($14,600) |
|
|
For this Assignment, based on the information from the variance analysis provided, write a 3-page paper that includes the following:
· A description of the results of the analysis.
· Suggestions as to potential causes of the budget variances.
· An explanation of approaches for addressing the situation.
· An explanation of the importance of variance analysis in making data-driven decisions.
To prepare:
· Review the information in this week’s Learning Resources (including the Media) dealing with variance analysis, how it is calculated, and how it can be used in decision making.
· Carefully examine the information in the analysis provided and consider how calculations can be used to answer the questions asked.
This Assignment will be due by Day 7 of Week 9. Be sure and include all of your calculations.
|
Submit the 3-page paper to the Assignment Turnitin - Week 8 link in the Week 9 Assignment area. |
Due April 18.docx
This is due April 18
Week 9 – Expense Forecasting –
Based on the information provided, prepare an expense forecast for 20X1 using the template below:
Spending during January- June 20X1 (6 months)
· Fixed expense items: $210,000
· Variable expense items: $1,200,000
· One time expense: $50,000 of fixed expense money was spent on preparing for a Joint Commission survey
Procedures preformed during January- June 20X1 (6 months)
· Your department has performed 20,000 procedures during the first six months
On November 1,20X1, two new procedure technicians will begin work. The salary and fringe benefit costs for each is $96,000/year.
|
Description |
Fixed |
|
Variable |
Total |
|
Year to Date Expense for Jan-Jun 20x1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustments |
||||
|
Deduct "one Time" expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted Total |
|
|
|
|
|
Annualization for 20X1 |
||||
|
Divide by days/months/etc. |
6 |
|
|
|
|
Multiply by days/months/etc. |
12 |
|
|
|
|
Divide by volume |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
Multiply by volume |
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
Total Annualized Amounts |
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustments |
||||
|
Add back "One Time" expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries (+/-) |
|
|
|
|
|
Expense Forecast as of 12/31/X1 |
|
|
|
Calculations:
Annualization for Fixed: (Adjusted Total for Year to Date Expense/6) * 12 =Total Annualized Amounts
Annualization for Variable (Adjusted Total for Year to Date Expense/ 20) * 40,000 =Total Annualized Amounts
Due april 25.docx
Due april 25
In Week 11, you will review 3 scenarios to answer the following questions. Be sure and review Dr. Ward’s video prior to answering the questions. Please submit in a Word document with a title page. Each scenario can be answered in one to two paragraphs. Please include all questions in one document.
Week 11 – Financial Analysis Cycle
Marginal Profit and Loss Statement Scenario
You are examining a proposal for a new business opportunity – a new procedure for which demand is expected to be 1,400 units the first year, growing by 600 units a year thereafter. You are able to perform 2,400 units per year. The price charged per procedure is $1,000. The collection rate is anticipated to be 80%. Each procedure consumes $300 of supplies. Salary cost is estimated to cost $600,000 each year, fringe benefits are 25% of salaries, office supplies not associated with the procedure are $1,000 per month and rent for the facility is $88,000 a year.
Question: Below is a marginal P&L for this business opportunity. Based on that analysis, should this opportunity be pursued? Explain your decision.
Solution
|
|
Year One |
Year Two |
Year Three |
Year Four |
Year Five |
|||||
|
Marginal Revenue |
||||||||||
|
Units of Volume |
1,400 |
|
2,000 |
|
2,400 |
|
2,400 |
|
2,400 |
|
|
Price |
$1,000 |
|
$1,000 |
|
$1,000 |
|
$1,000 |
|
$1,000 |
|
|
Collection Rate |
80% |
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
|
Marginal Net Revenue |
|
$1,120,000 |
|
$1,600,000 |
|
$1,920,000 |
|
$1,920,000 |
|
$1,920,000 |
|
Marginal Costs |
||||||||||
|
Variable Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Units of Volume |
1,400 |
|
2,000 |
|
2,400 |
|
2,400 |
|
2,400 |
|
|
Variable Cost per Unit |
$300 |
|
$300 |
|
$300 |
|
$300 |
|
$300 |
|
|
Marginal Variable Cost |
|
$420,000 |
|
$600,000 |
|
$720,000 |
|
$720,000 |
|
$720,000 |
|
Fixed Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salary Costs |
$600,000 |
|
$600,000 |
|
$600,000 |
|
$600,000 |
|
$600,000 |
|
|
Fringe Benefits |
150,000 |
|
150,000 |
|
150,000 |
|
150,000 |
|
150,000 |
|
|
Operating Costs |
100,000 |
|
140,000 |
|
140,000 |
|
140,000 |
|
140,000 |
|
|
Rent |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marginal Fixed Costs |
|
$850,000 |
|
$890,000 |
|
$890,000 |
|
$890,000 |
|
$890,000 |
|
Total Marginal Costs |
|
$1,270,000 |
|
$1,490,000 |
|
$1,610,000 |
|
$1,610,000 |
|
$1,610,000 |
|
Annual Marginal Profit |
|
($150,000) |
|
$110,000 |
|
$310,000 |
|
$310,000 |
|
$310,000 |
|
Cumulative Profit Margin |
|
($150,000) |
|
($40,000) |
|
$270,000 |
|
$580,000 |
|
$890,000 |
©2012 Laureate Education, Inc.
13
Break-Even Analysis Scenario
You can charge $1,100 for a new service. Demand is anticipated to be 8,000 units a year. Your business is able to handle up to 16,500 units annually, so capacity should not be a problem. The average collection rate is 80%. The new service has annual fixed costs of $5,000,000. Variable cost per unit of service is $480.
Question: Use break-even analysis to determine if this new service is financially viable. If the business is not financially viable, what steps could you take to make a case to proceed with implementation? Explain your decision.
Solution
|
Price to be Charged |
$ 1,100 |
|
Collection Rate |
80% |
|
Average Collection per Service |
$ 880 |
Variable cost per unit of service $ 480
Fixed Operating Costs $ 5,000,000
Break-Even Point
= Fixed Costs / (Net Revenue per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit)
= $5,000,000 / ($880 - 480)
= $5,000,000 / $400
= 12,500 units of service
|
Capacity: |
16,500 |
|
Demand: |
8,000 |
|
Breakeven: |
12,500 |
Benefit/Cost Ratio Analysis Scenario
You are considering the acquisition of a new piece of equipment with a useful life of five years. This new technology will make your clinical operation more efficient and allow for a reduction of 10 FTEs. The equipment purchase price is
$4,500,000 plus 10% installation fee. The purchase price includes service for the first year, an item that has an annual cost of $10,000. There is a potential for additional volume of 150,000 units in the first year, growing by 30,000 each year thereafter. The price charged per unit is $15.00 with a 50% collection rate. The staff being eliminated are paid $12.50 per hour. The fringe benefits rate is 20%. The hurdle rate is 7.5%.
Question: What is the benefit/cost ratio, the average payback period, and the ROI associated with this opportunity? Based on this information, would you pursue this opportunity? Explain your decision.
Solution
|
Investment Present Value |
|||||||||||
|
|
Construction |
Equipment |
Installation |
Other |
Total Investment |
Present Value Factors |
Present Value |
||||
|
Year 0 |
|
$ |
4,500,000 |
$ |
450,000 |
|
$ |
4,950,000 |
1.000 |
$ |
4,950,000 |
|
Year 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Year 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Year 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Year 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Total |
|
$ |
4,500,000 |
$ |
450,000 |
|
$ |
4,950,000 |
|
$ |
4,950,000 |
|
Benefit Present Value |
|||||||
|
|
Revenue Increases |
Revenue Decreases |
Expense Decreases |
Expense Increases |
Total Benefit |
Present Value Factors |
Present Value |
|
Year 1 |
1,125,000 |
|
312,000 |
|
1,437,000 |
0.930 |
1,336,744 |
|
Year 2 |
1,350,000 |
|
312,000 |
10,000 |
1,652,000 |
0.865 |
1,429,529 |
|
Year 3 |
1,575,000 |
|
312,000 |
10,000 |
1,877,000 |
0.805 |
1,510,911 |
|
Year 4 |
1,800,000 |
|
312,000 |
10,000 |
2,102,000 |
0.749 |
1,573,979 |
|
Year 5 |
2,025,000 |
|
312,000 |
10,000 |
2,327,000 |
0.697 |
1,620,892 |
|
Total |
7,875,000 |
|
1,560,000 |
40,000 |
9,395,000 |
|
7,472,055 |
|
Net Present Value |
2,522,055 |
|
|
Benefit/Cost Ratio |
1.510 |
|
|
Total Cash Inflow |
9,395,000 |
|
|
Average annual cash inflow |
1,879,000 |
|
|
Average payback period (in Years) |
2.6 |
|
|
Return on investment = |
Average Annual Return / Average Investment |
|
= |
( Total Benefit / Total Years ) / (Investment / 2) |
|
= |
( $9,395,000 / 5 ) / ( $4,950,000 / 2 ) |
|
= |
$1,879,000 / $2,470,000 |
|
= |
76% |
Due April 4 part 1.docx
This assignment is due this week April4.
No one can predict the future, but accountants and financial managers must try and do exactly that! By examining net revenue, costs, and cash flow, you can get a clearer picture of what to expect in your organization’s (or one with which you are familiar) fiscal future. Using these metrics to look forward will enable you to more effectively plan budgets that accomplish organizational goals.
In this Assignment, you address three scenarios . One scenario focuses on net revenue, another revolves around fixed and variable costs, and the third presents information on cash flow. You will use the information provided in the scenarios to answer questions and explore how net revenue, fixed and variable costs, and cash flow impact the ability of an organization to provide services. You will also consider the different categories of costs. A Work template is provided as an example. You will need to put create this template in Excel and add the necessary values and calculations.
Note: For those Assignments in this course that require you to perform calculations you must:
· Create an Excel spreadsheet containing the information provided. Template in Word is provided.
· Show all your work.
· Answer any questions included with the problems (as text in the Excel spreadsheet).
For those not comfortable with the use of Microsoft Excel, this week’s Optional Resources suggest several tutorials.
To prepare:
· Review the information in this week’s Learning Resources (including the Media) dealing with net revenue, fixed and variable costs, and cash flow and how they are used in financial decision making.
· Carefully examine the information in each of the three scenarios below and consider how calculations using this information can be used to answer the questions asked.
This Assignment will be due by Day 7 of Week 5. Be sure and include all of your calculations.
Net Revenue Scenario
Your clinic provides four kinds of services:
· Comprehensive initial medical consultation is priced at $250
· Established patient limited visit is priced at $75
· Established patient intermediate visit is priced at $125
· Established patient comprehensive visit is priced at $250
Question: The profile of your patients is such that the average collection rate is 75%. Assuming you have 100 visits of each type each month, what amount of new revenue will you generate in the next 12 months?
Template for the Net Revenue Scenario
Ta
|
|
|
Annual Volume |
Gross Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Service |
Price Each |
|
|
|
Comprehensive initial medical consultant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Established patient limited visit |
|
|
|
|
Established patient intermediate visit |
|
|
|
|
Established patient comprehensive visit |
|
|
|
|
Total Gross Revenue |
|
|
|
|
Average Collection Rate |
|
|
|
|
Total Net Revenue |
|
|
|
Fixed/Variable Cost Scenario
You have performed a cost analysis of your health service organization and have determined the following: based on the latest three years of information, your annual cost of operations is $1,600,000 with annual volume of 10,000 procedures. You have determined that certain of your supply items are fixed in nature (those marked with an F) while others are variable (marked with a V).
|
Cost Items |
F/V |
Average Annual Amount |
Cost Items |
F/V |
Average Annual Amount |
|
Supply item 1 |
F |
$220,000 |
Supply item 6 |
F |
50,000 |
|
Supply item 2 |
F |
180,000 |
Supply item 7 |
V |
500,000 |
|
Supply item 3 |
F |
75,000 |
Supply item 8 |
V |
300,000 |
|
Supply item 4 |
F |
50,000 |
Supply item 9 |
V |
200,000 |
|
Supply item 5 |
F |
25,000 |
Total |
|
1,600,000 |
Question: An insurance company that is considering directing its 1,000 units per year of procedure business to your organization has approached you. Your board has mandated that you make $5 of profit from each of the procedures. You obviously want the highest possible price, but as you enter the negotiations, what is the lowest possible price you would be willing to accept from this payer?
Hint: Calculate the variable cost.
Template for the Fixed/Variable Cost Scenario
|
Supply Item |
Total |
Variable |
Fixed |
|
Supply Item 1 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 2 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 3 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 4 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 5 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 6 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 7 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 8 |
|
|
|
|
Supply Item 9 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Annual Volume |
|
|
|
|
Variable Cost per Unit |
|
|
|
|
Profit Target |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Cash Flow Scenario
Your new business venture will begin operation on July 1, 20X2. You will hire staff effective January 1, 20X2 with a cost of $40,000 per month. You know from experience that collections lag billing by 3 months (in other words, once you bill for a service, you must wait 90 days for the payment to be received. Your business volume is projected to be as follows:
|
Month |
Volume |
Billing |
|
July, 20X2 |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
August |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
September |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
October |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
November |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
December |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
January, 20X3 |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
February |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
March |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
April |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
May |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
|
June |
1,000 |
$100,000 |
Question: If you have $380,000 of cash on hand January 1, 20X2, how much cash will you have at the end of June 20X3? Assume a 100% collection rate.
Template for the Cash Flow Scenario
|
Month |
Opening Cash Balance |
Monthly Expense |
Monthly Billing |
Monthly Collections |
Ending Cash Balance |
|
January 20X2 |
$380,000 |
$40,000 |
|
|
$340,000 |
|
February |
$340,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
March |
|
|
|
|
|
|
April |
|
|
|
|
|
|
May |
|
|
|
|
|
|
June |
|
|
|
|
|
|
July |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August |
|
|
|
|
|
|
September |
|
|
|
|
|
|
October |
|
|
|
|
|
|
November |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December |
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 20X3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
February |
|
|
|
|
|
|
March |
|
|
|
|
|
|
April |
|
|
|
|
|
|
May |
|
|
|
|
|
|
June |
|
|
|
|
|
Due April 4 part 2.docx
This assignment is due this April4
Application: Developing a Budget
When developing a budget, what variables do you have to take into account? In health care organizations, two of the largest groups of factors that you must consider are first, volume, and second, staffing and supply. The number of patients and tests performed each day, as well as employees and their pay rates are all crucial pieces of information when determining a budget.
In this Assignment, you will be given two budgeting scenarios: one focusing on volume and the other focusing on staffing and supplies. Based on the information within the scenarios, you will use Excel to create two different budgets.
Note: For those Assignments in this course that require you to perform calculations you must:
· Create an Excel spreadsheet containing the information provided (Templates are provided below in Word..will need to convert to Excel).
· Show all your work (formulas in cell).
· Answer any questions included with the problems (as text in the Excel spreadsheet).
For those not comfortable with the use of Microsoft Excel, this week’s Optional Resources suggest several tutorials.
To prepare:
· Review the information in this week’s Learning Resources (including the Media) dealing with both volume budgets and staffing and supply budgets, what is included in each, and how they vary from each other.
· Carefully examine the information in each of the scenarios below and consider how calculations using this information can be used to answer the questions asked.
This Assignment will be due by Day 7 of this week. Be sure and include all of your calculations.
Volume Budget Scenario You manage lab services in a large hospital. You have the following data on both the hospital’s budgeted patient days and visits for budget year 20XX along with the ratio of lab tests to patient days or visits.
|
|
2 North Bldg. |
2 South Bldg. |
ICU |
OPD |
|
Patient Days/Visits Budget |
19,800 |
21,900 |
8,760 |
200,000 |
|
Chemistry* |
3.6 |
4.3 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
|
Hematology |
1.2 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
3.5 |
|
Bacteriology* |
3.2 |
5.6 |
3.6 |
5.5 |
Question: Based on this data, how many lab tests would you anticipate for the coming budget year? If each test is priced at $20.00, how much gross revenue would you budget? Assuming each full-time lab technician (FTE) can perform 200,000 tests each year, how many full-time lab technicians would you plan for?
Templates
*Example: 2 North Bldg calculated. You will need to complete 2 South Bldg, ICU and OPD
|
RAW DATA |
2 North Bldg |
2 South Bldg |
ICU |
OPD |
|
Patient Days/Visits Budget |
19800 |
|
|
|
|
Chemistry |
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
Hematology |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
Bacteriology |
3.2 |
|
|
|
|
Cost per test |
20 |
|
|
|
|
Tests per FTE |
200,000 |
|
|
|
|
TEST COUNT BUDGET |
2 North Bldg |
2 South Bldg |
ICU |
OPD |
Total |
|
Chemistry |
71280 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Hematology |
23760 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Bacteriology |
63360 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Total |
158400 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
GROSS REVENUE BUDGET |
2 North Bldg |
2 South Bldg |
ICU |
OPD |
Total |
|
Chemistry |
$1,425,600.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Hematology |
$475,200.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bacteriology |
$1,267,200.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
$3,168,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Staffing FTE Budget |
Preliminary |
Final |
|
Chemistry |
4.95427 |
5 FTEs |
|
Hematology |
|
|
|
Bacteriology |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
Staffing and Supply Budget Scenario
Calculate the supplies budget necessary to operate your unit for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 20X8. It is your expectation that you will perform 24,820 procedures in the budget year. The following spending data is available for the period January 1 to March 31, 20X7 during which time procedure volume amounted to 3,240. Items marked (F) are considered fixed, those marked (V) are considered variable. Inflation is planned at 4%.
|
Expense Item |
Amount |
|
Billing Supplies (F) IV Solutions (V) Med/Surg Supplies (V) Miscellaneous (F) Office Supplies (F) Stock Drugs (V) |
$24,400 288,108 411,480 18,400 42,650 570,240 |
In reviewing performance to date, you note that in January, you purchased $150,000 of D5W fluid replacement charged to IV solutions, which represents an entire year’s supply. In addition, you returned $2,800 of office supplies for credit from the vendor in February. These supplies were purchased in a previous fiscal year.
|
Expense Account |
Orig. Base Period Amt |
Adjustments |
Adjusted Base Period Amt |
Base Period Units (Vol or Time) |
Amount/Unit |
Budget Period Units (Vol or Time) |
Base Amt. Budget |
Inflation Rate |
Inflation Amt |
Final Budget Amt |
|
Billing Supplies (F) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
12 |
|
4% |
|
|
|
IV Solutions (V) |
|
$(112,500.00) |
|
3240 |
|
24820 |
|
4% |
|
|
|
Med/Surg Supplies (V) |
|
|
|
3240 |
|
24820 |
|
4% |
|
|
|
Misc. (F) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
12 |
|
4% |
|
|
|
Office Supplies (F) |
|
$2,800.00 |
|
3 |
|
12 |
|
4% |
|
|
|
Stock Drugs (V) |
|
|
|
3240 |
|
24820 |
|
4% |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You also need to prepare the salary budget for the same fiscal year. You have determined that staff needs are for 6.5 FTEs. The following are the current staff with FTE values and hourly rates of pay as of January 1, 20X8:
|
Position / Incumbent |
FTE Value |
Pay Rate |
|
Hardy |
1.0 |
$16.30 |
|
Rosetti |
0.5 |
16.80 |
|
Chang |
0.5 |
16.50 |
|
Martinez |
1.0 |
16.00 |
|
Jones |
0.5 |
16.75 |
A pay raise will be given to all staff on October 1st of each year at a rate of 8 percent. In making your calculations, always round to the nearest whole dollar for annual salary amounts, but keep pennies in the hourly pay rates. New staff begins the new fiscal year at $16.00 per hour.
This Assignment will be due by Day 7 of this week. Be sure and include all of your calculations.
|
Incumbent |
FTE Value |
Jan 1 20X8 |
Base Budget Amt |
Salary Increase% |
Months of Increase |
Increase Amt |
Salary Budget |
|
Hardy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rosetti |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chang |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Martinez |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jones |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vacant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|