WEEK SIX ASSIGNMENT MHA 610

The Sex Ratio

Alban Evans

MHA 610 Introductions to Biostatistics (NDF1506A)

February 19, 2015

Instructor: Glenn Cummings

Abstract

All the races have a high sex ratio in California. From all the racial groups, the sex ratios has been constant for all the groups. The number of male was constantly higher than the number of females.The Chinese, Filipino, and other Asians have a higher sex ratio than the blacks and the whites.Migration of this groups where the male laborers are unable to bring their families with them is also another factor.

Sex Ratio

In most of the racial groups, the sex ratio is greater than one. This implies that there are more females than males in across all the racial groups in America except for a few cases in America Indian’s in the year 2001, 1996, and 2002. Also this is seen in the Hawaiian in the year 1997 and 2000.

For African Americans, the ratio increased from 1998 and constantly dropped up to the year 2001 before it climbed again in 2002. For the case of the Chinese, the ratio was almost constant in 1995 and 1996 and rapidly rose in 1997. The ratio dropped in 1998 and remained constant except in 200 when it dropped. For the case of the Filipinos, the ratio was high in 1995, dropped in 1996, and rose again in 1997 before constantly dropping until 1999. The ratio again rose and declined in 2001 and 2002 respectively. Other Asians had a high ratio in 1995 which declined in 1996 and regained in 1997 and 1998 before dropping in 1999 and rose again until 2001 before it fell in 2002. The whites also had a high sex ratio in 1995 which in turn dropped constantly to 1997 and again shop up constantly from 1997 to 2000, dropped in 2001 and regained in 2002 (Kristof & WuDunn, 2009).

From all the racial groups, the sex ratios has been constant for all the groups. The number of male was constantly higher than the number of females. This could be as a result of gender preference where in many societies, the males are preferred to females and selective abortion where female have been the most affected victims. Infanticide, war fare and selective abortion are a major reason to gender imbalance(Hudson & Boer, 2004).

The Chinese, Filipino, and other Asians have a higher sex ratio than the blacks and the whites. From the births statistics, the whites have a higher birth statistics flowed by America. This shows that the biggest population in California are the whites and the blacks. Chinese Filipinos and other Asians have a small population in California. This is because majority of them came to California mainly to work and also their culture do cherish a boy child as they considered heirs. Migration of this groups where the male laborers are unable to bring their families with them is also another factor (Guttentag & Secord, 2003).

From the graph, California has a big population of males compared to that of female. Many societies prefer to have a boy child to a girl child. This leads to selective abortion. Whereby female fetus are aborted.

Part II

Notes"	Race	Race Code	Gender	Gender Code	Births
	American Indian or Alaska Native	1002-5	Female	F	4483
	American Indian or Alaska Native	1002-5	Male	M	4733
Total	American Indian or Alaska Native	1002-5			9216
	Asian or Pacific Islander	A-PI	Female	F	112852
	Asian or Pacific Islander	A-PI	Male	M	120449
Total	Asian or Pacific Islander	A-PI			233301
	Black or African American	2054-5	Female	F	46768
	Black or African American	2054-5	Male	M	48366
Total	Black or African American	2054-5			95134
	White	2106-3	Female	F	534707
	White	2106-3	Male	M	562899
Total	White	2106-3			1097606
Total					1435257

z = ((x - np) / sqrt (npq)).

p = .51, q = 1 - p = .49

1. American Indians

X=4733

z = 9467

2. Asian

X=120449

Z=241046

3. Black

X=48366

Z=96751

4. White

X=562899

Z=1126023

The z value is greater than the critical value therefore. This implies that the null hypothesis that the proportion of boys should be 0.51 is rejected. All the z statistics suggests that the the proportion of a boy child differs significantly from 0.51.

The results could have changed if we could not have limited the study to the first-born boy child. This is because if could considered other groups, the rust could have changed because our consideration is likely to be biased (Carner et al., 2000).

References

Caner, M., Kilian, L., & Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain). (2000). Size distortions of tests of the null hypothesis of stationarity: Evidence and implications for the PPP debate. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research.

Guttentag, M., & Secord, P. F. (2003). Too many women?: The sex ratio question. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

Hudson, V. M., & Boer, A. M. (2004). Bare branches: The security implications of Asia's surplus male population. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Kristof, N. D., & WuDunn, S. (2009). Half the sky: Turning oppression into opportunity for women worldwide. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.