WEEK SIX ASSIGNMENT MHA 610

Running head: IMMUNE RESPONSES 1 1

The Immune Responses

Alban Evans

MHA 610 Introductions to Biostatistics (NDF1506A)

February 21, 2015

Instructor: Glenn Cummings

According to the presented data, I would characterize all the TAAs levels of both the controls and the cases as approximately normally distributed. This is because it the statistics reflects the major characteristics of a normally distributed data. The variables are continuous random and not discrete. Examples of Continuous random variables include 0.024, 0.113 and 0.981 and so on, this is the case of the figures in both the control and that cases that figures are not discrete as 1, 2, 3 and so on. Below is a sample of controls and cases in the first 3 levels of TAAs that indicates the continuous nature of the random variables.

Controls

source	group	groupid	Ab14	HCC1	IMP1
SD	control	0	0.102	0.068	0.083
SD	control	0	0.02	0.06	0.035
SD	control	0	0.064	0.13	0.111

Cases Source group groupid Ab14 HCC IMP1 Korea case 1 0.182 0.068 0.083 Korea case 1 0.069 0.07 0.126 Korea case 1 0.072 0.155 0.138 Korea case 1 0.49 0.198 0.176

Some levels of the 12 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are useful for discrimination between the controls and the cases. Level NPM1 is a good indicator which clearly shows the discriminations between the cases and the controls in on level of TAAs. The values of the data collected show a great deviation with the cases indication higher values. This can be shown in the table below (given in bold)

NPM1

SD	control	0	0.083	0.052	0.143	0.043	0.099	0.076
SD	control	0	0.036	0.018	0.092	0.02	0.031	0.038
SD	control	0	0.084	0.034	0.032	0.014	0.013	0.064
Korea	case	1	0.182	0.068	0.083	0.037	0.17	0.729
Korea	case	1	0.069	0.07	0.126	0.036	0.125	0.336
Korea	case	1	0.072	0.155	0.138	0.08	0.116	0.356

Conclusion

I think the statistics are legitimate and was collected and analyzed well though some levels of TAAs, for example, IMP1 in the Chinese case provides some exaggerated values such as 1.464, 2.069, 1.603 and 1.535. This should not be the cases since these continuous random variables should be less than 1. This might lead to a wrong conclusions though this values are less and thus can be insignificant considered that a big sample of 160 cases and 90 controls were used. Based on this statistics we can effectively discriminate between the cases and controls on the basis of the levels of these TAAs and conclude that an individual is normal or cancer patient.

References

Gires, O., Seliger, B., & Wiley InterScience (Online service). (2009). Tumor-associated antigens: Identification, characterization, and clinical applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.

Pontell, E. B. (2008). Immune tolerance research developments. New York: Nova Biomedical.

Triola, M. M., & Triola M. F. (2006). Biostatistics for the biological and health sciences.

Boston, MA: Pearson Education, I