multi

       effective meeting interactions        efficient resource utilization        economical budget allocations        empirical data collection 

       scribing, recording, and timekeeping.        scorekeeping, refereeing, and judging.        moderating, voting, and abstaining.        talking, listening, and thinking. 

       more cohesive        less cohesive        more interdependent        more committed 

       getting all the experts in the same room will automatically produce good results.        a well-facilitated meeting is both more efficient and more effective.        both teams and groups can benefit from facilitation.        working together in a group does not always come naturally. 

       the methods and tools used to help people interact with each other.        how decisions are made at the meeting.        the topics or subjects under discussion at the meeting.        methods to ensure that everyone at a meeting has an equal voice. 

       the date, time, and location of the meeting.        the list of tasks to be addressed at the meeting, and the time for each task.        the participants, the sponsor, a description of the goal, and a due date.        a list of decisions made at the previous meeting. 

       allow the group to spend as much time as desired on any item.        avoid distributing the agenda in advance in case it needs to be changed.        allot times to each task to help keep the meeting on schedule.        use the agenda for planning purposes only, not during the meeting itself. 

       impose a set of ground rules that worked well with an earlier group.        assist the participants in developing their own ground rules.        ask the most senior group member present to dictate the ground rules.        proceed without ground rules since they are usually not important. 

       add a last-minute item to the meeting agenda.        alter the charter to change the purpose of the team.        refocus participants and/or rebalance group interactions.        extend the time allotted for an agenda item. 

       insist that all members holding sidebar conversations leave the meeting.        issue a friendly reminder to the group to please hold one conversation at a time.        suggest that the group consider taking a break.        make a direct request to each member to hold their comments until the presenter has finished. 

       a group member has personally attacked another individual member.        a group member has personally attacked the entire group.        team members are late returning from breaks.        discussions of side issues are interfering with covering the main agenda items. 

       eject the member from the meeting.        notify the member's manager.        accept the inevitable and allow the member to finish the story or complaint.        speak to the member privately at a break, asking for his or help to keep the session moving. 

       immediately eject the attacker from the meeting.        issue a direct public reprimand to the attacker.        reprimand the attacker privately at the next break.        use gentle humor to discourage further attacks. 

       make the breaks longer to allow more time for personal business to be completed.        insist that the entire group skip the next scheduled break to make up the time.        issue a light reminder that returning on time helps the group finish on time.        keep a list of members who return late and send it to their managers after the meeting. 

       an ethnographer.        a cyberscribe.        a datacorder.        a technographer. 

       A private memo written by the facilitator to the group sponsor.        Minutes of the meeting e-mailed to all participants a week after the meeting.        A planned agenda e-mailed to all participants a day before the meeting.        Key discussion points written on a flip chart and posted on a wall during a meeting. 

       write the idea down again using the exact same wording.        write the idea down again using different wording.        point to where the idea has already been written and posted.        ignore the suggestion and continue with the next agenda item. 

       focus the discussion on the pros and cons of Alice's idea, rather than on Alice.        focus the discussion on Alice rather than on her idea.        focus the discussion on Bob rather than on Alice or her idea.        invite Alice to name one of Bob's ideas that she thinks is dumb. 

       referrals to other groups that might want to hire the facilitator.        names of unproductive group members who should be excluded from the next meeting.        suggestions to improve the meeting process in the future.        names of additional people who should be invited to the next meeting. 

       openness.        inconsistency.        passive listening.        rigidity.