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<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=7" /> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 15"> <base href="http://api.turnitin.com"> <link rel=File-List href="file:///C:\Users\Chad\Desktop\Turnitin_Originality_Report_519282408_files\filelist.xml"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="file:///C:\Users\Chad\Desktop\Turnitin_Originality_Report_519282408_files\editdata.mso">  <title>Turnitin Originality Report</title>  <link rel=themeData href="file:///C:\Users\Chad\Desktop\Turnitin_Originality_Report_519282408_files\themedata.thmx"> <link rel=colorSchemeMapping href="file:///C:\Users\Chad\Desktop\Turnitin_Originality_Report_519282408_files\colorschememapping.xml">  <style>  </style>  <meta name=author content="iParadigms, LLC"> <meta name=keywords content=""> <meta name=description content=""> <meta name=viewport content="width = initial-scale"> <meta name=viewport content="height = initial-scale"> <link href="https://www.turnitincdn.com/800404/www.turnitin.com/css/cms/page_type/blackbox_or.css" media="only screen and (max-device-width: 480px)" rel=stylesheet type="text/css">  </head> <body bgcolor="#DDDDDD" lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue style='tab-interval: .5in' id="or_print_report"> <div class=WordSection1> --> <o:p></o:p> <img width=60 height=32 id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://api.turnitin.com/images/turnitin_logo.gif" alt="http://api.turnitin.com/images/turnitin_logo.gif">Turnitin Originality Report <o:p></o:p> <ul type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in;background:white'>Processed on 22-Mar-2015 8:59 PM EDT<o:p></o:p></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in;background:white'>ID: 519282408<o:p></o:p></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in;background:white'>Word Count: 1110<o:p></o:p></li> </ul>  <o:p></o:p> Similarity Index<o:p></o:p> 47%<o:p></o:p> Similarity by Source<o:p></o:p> Internet Sources:<o:p></o:p> 15%<o:p></o:p> Publications:<o:p></o:p> 13%<o:p></o:p> Student Papers:<o:p></o:p> 38%<o:p></o:p> <div style='border:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:dotted #888888 .75pt; padding:3.0pt 0in 3.0pt 8.0pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'> sources:<o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 1<o:p></o:p> </div> 22% match (student papers from 13-Feb-2014)<o:p></o:p> <a href="/paperInfo.asp?r=60.4012042088574&svr=01&session-id=ca65531fe69bd1f04ce0f0e8afbb1617&lang=en_us&oid=388592508&perc=22">Submitted to Snake River High School on 2014-02-13</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 2<o:p></o:p> </div> 8% match (student papers from 15-Jul-2012)<o:p></o:p> <a href="/paperInfo.asp?r=60.4012042088574&svr=01&session-id=ca65531fe69bd1f04ce0f0e8afbb1617&lang=en_us&oid=258147494&perc=8">Submitted to Florida International University on 2012-07-15</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 3<o:p></o:p> </div> 2% match (student papers from 19-Mar-2013)<o:p></o:p> <a href="/paperInfo.asp?r=60.4012042088574&svr=01&session-id=ca65531fe69bd1f04ce0f0e8afbb1617&lang=en_us&oid=313472702&perc=2">Submitted to University of California, Los Angeles on 2013-03-19</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 4<o:p></o:p> </div> 2% match (Internet from 07-Jan-2010)<o:p></o:p> <a href="http://lrd.yahooapis.com/_ylc=X3oDMTVnMTcwN3ZrBF9TAzIwMjMxNTI3MDIEYXBwaWQDTHJlazRUTFYzNEdRVjYwVDFRYVlHeC5xMDYuMHVja2pJb3dfYzJFV3NGejhWZzVHX2xkQjRPX1YweDZPdVNOME9zVjg2a0I2BGNsaWVudANib3NzBHNlcnZpY2UDQk9TUwRzbGsDdGl0bGUEc3JjcHZpZAMzNnhxXzBnZUF1MFB1bG5hQVFMY1Y3WWMwRG1lOGt0R3RQQUFCNTRX/SIG=128b5o9l5/**http%3A/www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Racism_in_the_United_States">http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Racism_in_the_United_States</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 5<o:p></o:p> </div> 2% match (student papers from 19-May-2012)<o:p></o:p> <a href="/paperInfo.asp?r=60.4012042088574&svr=01&session-id=ca65531fe69bd1f04ce0f0e8afbb1617&lang=en_us&oid=250412917&perc=2">Submitted to Sabanci Universitesi on 2012-05-19</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 6<o:p></o:p> </div> 2% match (publications)<o:p></o:p> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2014.848689">De Jesús, Anthony, Giovani Burgos, Melissa Almenas, and William Velez. "Puerto Rican Intergroup Marriage and Residential Segregation in the U.S.: A Multilevel Analysis of Structural, Cultural, and Economic Factors", Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2014.</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 7<o:p></o:p> </div> 2% match (Internet from 14-Apr-2009)<o:p></o:p> <a href="http://www.marxist.com/History/malcolmx_revolutionary.htm">http://www.marxist.com/History/malcolmx_revolutionary.htm</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 8<o:p></o:p> </div> 2% match (Internet from 02-Oct-2014)<o:p></o:p> <a href="http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~oliver/PROTESTS/ArticleCopies/EmergingSMAug02FinalSP1.pdf">http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~oliver/PROTESTS/ArticleCopies/EmergingSMAug02FinalSP1.pdf</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 9<o:p></o:p> </div> 1% match (Internet from 12-Feb-2014)<o:p></o:p> <a href="http://www.animatrick.com/animations/2013/12/27/what-led-to-latinos-access-and-participation-in-higher-education-from-the-early-nineteenth-century-through-the-1980s/">http://www.animatrick.com/animations/2013/12/27/what-led-to-latinos-access-and-participation-in-higher-education-from-the-early-nineteenth-century-through-the-1980s/</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 10<o:p></o:p> </div> 1% match (student papers from 26-May-2013)<o:p></o:p> <a href="/paperInfo.asp?r=60.4012042088574&svr=01&session-id=ca65531fe69bd1f04ce0f0e8afbb1617&lang=en_us&oid=332729855&perc=1">Submitted to Colorado Technical University Online on 2013-05-26</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 11<o:p></o:p> </div> 1% match (publications)<o:p></o:p> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085908315940">K. A. Johnson. "Hope for an Uncertain Future: Recovery and Rebuilding Efforts in New Orleans's Schools", Urban Education, 07/01/2008</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:none;border-bottom:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #888888 .75pt;padding:0in 0in 11.0pt 0in'> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 12<o:p></o:p> </div> 1% match (publications)<o:p></o:p> <a href="/viewEmerald.asp?r=60.4012042088574&svr=01&session-id=ca65531fe69bd1f04ce0f0e8afbb1617&lang=en_us&oid=88906&key=0e1f805d4ae4fb2ed5b802fbeffcc445">Equal Opportunities International, Volume 20, Issue 4 (2012-08-06)</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:solid #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid #888888 .75pt; padding:1.0pt 6.0pt 1.0pt 6.0pt;margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:12.0pt; margin-bottom:7.5pt'> 13<o:p></o:p> </div> 1% match (Internet from 03-Mar-2015)<o:p></o:p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscegenation">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscegenation</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='border:dotted #888888 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:dotted #888888 .75pt; padding:3.0pt 0in 3.0pt 8.0pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'> paper text:<o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt' id=body> Running head: RACIAL SEGREGATION Racial Segregation <a href="javascript:openDSC(556198816,%20304,%20'741');">4Racial Segregation Racial segregation is the separation of different racial groups in daily life, such as</a> restaurants, cinemas, toilets, schools and residential areas. In the United States the physical separation meant for people of color who were discriminated against for many years. <a href="javascript:openDSC(258147494,%201,%20'5');" id=5>2Everyone, in theory, could receive the same public services but facilities or different areas. In practice, services and facilities reserved for African Americans were usually of lower quality than those reserved for whites and were treated with the utmost contempt.</a><a href="javascript:openDSC(388592508,%201,%20'44');" id=44>1Abolished slavery and influenced by the anti- black racist ideologies a system of racial segregation in the Nordic targets established their supremacy over blacks and Hispanics is created. After the Civil War (1861-1865) Southern states resented his defeat drafted a series of laws to discriminate men of color. This phenomenon is euphemistically called "reconstruction". The process was so intense and widespread that by 1877, with the election of Rutherford Hayes as 19th president of the US, discrimination and racism was common in cities like New York, Boston, Detroit and Chicago (Omi & Winant, 2014). Because states could not remove the rights of blacks to be guaranteed by the constitution, the term "segregation" was used with the concept of "Separated but Equal" (Separate but equal). The idea was that while the opportunities offered to both races were equal, segregation was legal. The segregation arises from Jim Crow Laws (1876). In them the right to vote for</a> blacks imposing certain requirements as literate, <a href="javascript:openDSC(388592508,%201,%20'60');" id=60>1have possessions and pay a poll tax refused. Soon an apartheid regime in which more than 13 million blacks were forced to live apart from the rest of society was established. Homes, schools, transportation, hotels, restaurants, even the toilets were divided to prevent the white man "contaminated" by the influence of black. In some cities</a> it was never implemented martial law that prohibited blacks go out after ten o'clock at night. <a href="javascript:openDSC(388592508,%201,%20'63');" id=63>1All fraternities, clubs and societies (Freemasons, Rotary, Moose) were forbidden to admit individuals of segregated race (Oh, 2005). In the south blacks were</a> forbidden to associate and participate in trade unions. In 1890 the People's Party (Populist Party) created an agricultural movement with the support of the black population to pressure on banks and railroads and getting put a fair price for agricultural products, but the party found himself faced with the white elite Southern Democratic Party. The elite avoided the African American vote by poll taxes (poll taxes) and lynching’s organized throughout the south (Omi & Winant, 2014). The luck was no better for blacks living in the North <a href="javascript:openDSC(2325000779,%2043,%20'909');" id=909>7overcrowded ghettos like Harlem in New York or the South Side of Chicago.</a> Entire families were crowded into a few square meters apartment called "kitchenettes". Several presidents of the United States were opposed to the integration of blacks and immigration weaker races. <a name=7 id=911></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(2325000779,%2043,%20'911');">7The First World War forced the bosses to employee blacks as part of the</a><a href="javascript:openDSC(388592508,%201,%20'74');" id=74>1labor force in the industry, but after the war, blacks were used to break strikes by white workers north that fueled racism and division between the working class.</a> The <a name=1 id=68></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(388592508,%201,%20'68');">1opportunities in practice were not equal for blacks and whites. For example white schools pubic received money, while the black schools money paid the minimum possible.</a> A <a href="javascript:openDSC(258147494,%201,%20'10');" id=10>2dramatic case was suffered by the black singer Bessie Smith, victim of a traffic accident. The ambulance</a> that took her through all the hospitals of <a href="javascript:openDSC(258147494,%201,%20'14');" id=14>2the Mississippi in search of a blood transfusion, but none of them let her in because they were "hospitals for whites" (Chin, 1998). Bessie Smith bled on the stretcher and died because of this"legal"segregation.</a> This, and many others, <a name=2 id=25></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(258147494,%201,%20'25');">2gave rise to the movement for equal rights for blacks, led by Martin Luther King</a> (1929-1968). In 1954 the Supreme Court of the United States enacted education as an essential civil right. In the ruling, "Brown vs. Drafts of Education "judges decided that segregated public education was not equal and therefore segregation in public schools was illegal. In May 1954 the Supreme Court outlawed racial segregation in schools in the United States to understand that education remains an essential right, segregation generated an unacceptable inequality. However, in 1957, Elizabeth Eckford and eight other black students had to be escorted by the army to attend classes in Secondary Institute of Little Rock, Arkansas. Black schools also received far less funding than schools for whites, hence the judgment of the Supreme Court, which saw discrimination segregation. In 1963 the important March on Washington led by M. Luther King took place. Just one year after the results were: <a name=4 id=745></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(556198816,%20304,%20'745');">4Jim Crow laws were abolished by law "Civil Rights Act" (Civil Rights Act)</a> (Chin & Karthikeyan, 2002). After the victory of the North in the <a name=13 id=875></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(311136690,%202209,%20'875');">13Civil War and the abolition of slavery, the rights of</a> blacks were specifically protected under the United States Constitution but this really was the start of a harmonious relationship between blacks and whites in the country. The Southern States launched a series of standards segregation in theory no implied a loss of rights, but simply a separate application thereof, so that blacks and whites came through different doors to schools or public pools and drank from different suppliers, but everyone could enjoy the water, education and leisure. In the northern states segregation was not so evident as to the uses and everyday standards, but it became clear, even further, on issues such as work and housing. In theory no law prohibiting a black had a house on Park Avenue or worked in Manhattan but the reality was that no one would sell to a black a house in East Side. In the northern states, therefore, a much more effective and challenging segregation fight was applied because it did not appeal to pride or dignity of the black but its ability to rise socially through their effort and personal worth. References <a name=5 id=108></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(250412917,%201,%20'108');">5Chin, G. J. (1998). Segregation’s Last Stronghold: Race Discrimination and the Constitutional Law of Immigration. UCLA Law Review, 46(1). Retrieved from http:// papers .ssrn.com/ sol3/papers.cfm ?abstract-</a> id=1121119 <a name=3 id=215></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(313472702,%201,%20'215');">3Chin, G. J., & Karthikeyan, H. (2002). Preserving Racial Identity: Population Patterns and the Application of Anti-Miscegenation Statutes to Asian Americans, 1910-1950. Berkeley Asian Law Journal, 9,</a> 1. <a name=11 id=339></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(31142909,%2037,%20'339');">11Dethloff, H. C., & Jones, R. R. (1968). Race Relations in Louisiana, 1877-</a> 98. Louisiana History, 301–323. <a name=6 id=124></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(46882608,%2037,%20'124');">6Oh, R. (2005). Interracial Marriage in the Shadows of Jim Crow: Racial Segregation as a System of Racial and Gender Subordination. UC Davis L. Rev., 39, 1321.</a><a name=8 id=1097></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(1133025412,%202022,%20'1097');">8Olzak, S. (1987). Causes of ethnic conflict and protest in Urban America, 1877–1889. Social Science Research, 16(</a> 2), 185–210. <a name=12 id=341></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(88906,%2014,%20'341');">12Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2014). Racial formation in the United States.</a><a name=9 id=812></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(198923592,%201840,%20'812');">9Routledge. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id= T7LcAwAAQBAJ &oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq</a> =Racial+Segregation+from+1877+to+1950&ots=k4wYxTrVXh&sig=aqOK7HQ8XOlAs Le-Ua1UWi9agvo <a name=10 id=128></a><a href="javascript:openDSC(332729855,%201,%20'128');">101 RACIAL SEGREGATION 2 RACIAL SEGREGATION 3 RACIAL SEGREGATION 4 RACIAL SEGREGATION 5</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> </div> </body> </html>