ARTH D: Asian Inspired Latin American Art

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TRANS-PACIFIC ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE

Colonial to Contemporary Latin American Art

La Salle University

Spring 2015

Dr. Moriuchi

ASIA: LUXURY ARTS IN LATIN AMERICA

At least initially, these works were perceived by the

Mexicans and Peruvians to be works of luxury: their

production was labor-intensive, and their materials

were exotic.

Yet these Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and Filipino

objects were quickly imitated by indigenous Latin American artists and appropriated within a Latin American context that was both cognitive and physical:

Cognitive consciousness of Difference and Alterity,

and

Physical consciousness of daily sight and touch, because these works were quickly appropriated, produced in Latin America and used in Latin American homes.

Macao or Brazil, Chinese Temple Lion, c. 1734

Church and monastery of Santo Antônio, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

Guards the entrance of the Franciscan church and monastery of the church and monastery

TRADE BETWEEN CHINA, JAPAN, THE PHILIPPINES, INDIA AND THE AMERICAS

Between 1573 and 1815, there were ships that kept a regular

commercial schedule of trips between the far East and Latin America.

The Spanish fleet made the crossing once a year. Because they

went from Mexico City/Acapulco to the Philippines, the fleet is known

as the Manila Galleon.

The Manila Galleon carried silver and other commodities from Peru

and Mexico to Manila.

On the return trip, the Manila Galleon carried porcelain, ivory,

spices, pearls, furniture, and silk.

Types of Latin American Decorative Arts Influenced by Asian Designs and Materials

Biombos (Screens)

Porcelain and Ceramics

Enconchado (inlaid shell work)

Lacquer

Ivory

BIOMBO

An extremely popular piece of furniture, the Japanese screen, was introduced in Acapulco in 1614 by a diplomatic visit of Japanese aristocrats on their way to Rome to see the Pope; they brought Japanese screens or byobu, which were transformed by the residents of Mexico into the Latin American biombo,

changing linguistically (from byobu to biombo) ,

changing physically (from paper in Japan to canvas)

changing thematically (from Japanese-favored subject matter to criollo-favored subjects).

Japan

Southern Barbarians: Arrival of a Portuguese Galleon

Early – Mid 17th c., post-Momoyama period

Namban byobu

Ink, pigment and gold leaf on paper

Chicago, Art Institute

New Spain

View of the Viceroy’s Palace in Mexico City

biombo, oil on canvas

2nd half 18th century

Museo de América, Madrid

Juan Correa (1645-1716)

Encounter of Cortés and Moctezuma,

Biombo

Banco Nacional de Mexico, Mexico City

Juan Correa (1645-1716)

The Four Continents (Asia and Africa)

Biombo

Collection Banco Nacional de Mexico, Mexico City

Porcelain and ceramics

China

Vase with Immortals Bearing the Character for Longevity

Ming dynasty, 1573–1620

Porcelain painted in underglaze blue

New York, Metropolitan Museum

Puebla, Mexico

Ceramic Jar with Handles

17th C.

Philadelphia Museum of Art

Puebla, Mexico

Ceramic Jar with Handles

17th C.

Philadelphia Museum of Art

China

Platter

Yuan period, mid-14th century

Porcelain painted with underglaze cobalt blue

New York, Asia Society Museum

Mexican, Basin, 1650-1700, earthenware. Museo Franz Mayer.

Creator: Unknown, Mexican Title: Basin. Det. Work Type: Ceramics Date: 1650-1700. Material: Earthenware. Description: No Repository: Mexico City, Museo Franz Mayer Collection: Bryn Mawr Image Collection ID Number: 1192-210936 Source: Mexico, Splendors of Thirty Centuries (NY, Metropolitan Museum Art, 1990). Source: 465219C Source: HART241 Source: Data from: Bryn Mawr College Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Puebla, Mexico

Ceramic tiles in the Chinese style

c. 1730

Tin-glazed earthenware

Church of San Francisco, Acatapec, Puebla, Mexico

Puebla, Mexico

Ceramic tiles in the Chinese style

c. 1730

Tin-glazed earthenware

Church of San Francisco, Acatapec, Puebla, Mexico

A material enactment of identity that is especially complex

is the enconchado technique in painting and inlay.

concha = shell, mother-of-pearl, valued in Pre-Conquest times as a luxury item, used for barter/money, and for gifts.

This technique survived the Conquest and was always used for valuable works of luxury or important iconography.

Yet mother-of-pearl is simultaneously an Asian material with its own tradition within luxury furniture and personal arts.

Mexico

Virgin of Guadalupe

Late 17th C.

Mexico City, Mayer Museum

Mexico

Virgin of Guadalupe

Late 17th C.

Mexico City, Mayer Museum

China

Wardrobe

Ming Dynasty, Late 16th or early

17th century

Wood with inlay of mother-of-pearl, amber, glass, ivory, and other materials

New York, Metropolitan Museum

Mexico

Nicolás Correa,

c. 1670-75-?

The Wedding at Cana, fragment Oil on panel, encrusted with mother-of-pearl (enconchado) The Hispanic Society of America, New York

Juan González

18th Century

St Francis Xavier Embarks for Asia

Oil on wood inlaid with mother-of-pearl

Lacquer:

Like the enconchado, some local artisanal traditions within Latin America

survived the Conquest, continued to be practiced, yet changed slightly

because they came in contact with Asian arts that were already somewhat

similar.

Lacquerwork and lacquer finishes merged techniques from the Americas

and Asia, often using the sap from American trees as the base of the

lacquer formula.

Jose Manuel de la Cerda, Batea (Tray), wood and painted lacquer, 18th c., diameter 42 in. Museo de America, Madrid.

Creator: Cerda, Jose Manuel de la (Mexican artist) Culture: Mexican Title: Tray (Batea) Work Type: Decorative Arts Date: circa 1760 Date: 18th century Material: Wood and painted lacquer Measurements: 42 1/8 inches (107 cm) (diameter) Description: Repository: Madrid, Museo de America (inv. no. 6917). Inscribed: Mal dla Zerda Paztqo Subject: Art, Baroque Art -- Mexico Art -- Mesoamerica Collection: Haverford College Image Collection ID Number: HC12-0244 Source: Rishel, Joseph J., et al. The Arts in Latin America, 1492-1820. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2006. Source: Page 126, Figure I-17 Course Number: HISTH317A01 Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Peribán, Mexico

Detail of the reverse of a tray (batea)

17th century

Lacquer on wood

The Hispanic Society of America, NY

Peribán, Mexico

Detail of the reverse of a tray (batea)

17th century

Lacquer on wood

The Hispanic Society of America, NY

Pasto, Colombia

Portable Writing Desk

17th-18th C.

Wood, barniz de pasto, and silver fittings

Hispanic Society, NY

Pasto, Colombia

Portable Writing Desk

17th-18th C.

Wood, barniz de pasto, and silver fittings

The Hispanic Society of America, NY

Quito, Ecuador

Saint Joseph from a Nativity

18th C.

Polychromed wood with barniz chinesca decoration

Museo Nacional del Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito

Quito, Ecuador

Saint Joseph from a Nativity

18th C.

Polychromed wood with Chinesca decoration

Museo Nacional del Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador

Ivory

These Christian subjects were never made for the local market

in Asia.

Instead they are “export ware,” works made specifically to satisfy

a foreign market, and shipped immediately to San Francisco ,or

Acapulco via the Manila Galleons, or to Brazil via Portuguese ships.

Latin America was more cosmopolitan than Europe in the sense that

their culture was more diverse, and Brazilians were in contact with Asia

since at least 1573, whereas Europeans did not begin to see and use

Asian objects till about 1670, with the craze for chinoiserie taking

place in England and France.

Sri Lanka or Goa

Crucified Christ

17th C.

Ivory

Archicofradía del Santísimo Sacramento

de la Catedral, Buenos Aires

Sri Lanka or Goa

Crucified Christ

17th C.

Ivory

Archicofradía del Santísimo Sacramento

de la Catedral, Buenos Aires

Esteban Sampzon (Chinese, lived in Argentina

and Philippines)

Our Lord of Humility and Patience

c. 1799

Polychromed orange wood, eyes of glass

Church of La Merced, Buenos Aires

Esteban Sampzon

Our Lord of Humility and Patience

c. 1799

Polychromed orange wood, eyes of glass

Church of La Merced, Buenos Aires

Unknown (Hispano-Philippine), Virgin Mary, 18th c. ivory mounted on a wood base, covered with repousse and chased silver. H-14 in. Roberta and Richard Huber Collection.

Hispano-Philippine

Virgin of the Immaculate Conception

18th Century

Ivory, partly polychromed and gilded, with glass eyes and silver halo

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Ecuadoran, with Hispano-Philippine ivory inserts

Nativity Scene

18th Century

Bodies of wood, polychromed and gilded;

faces and shoulders, ivory touched up with polychromy

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Charles Belleville, (French Jesuit, lived in China and Brazil))

Sacristy Ceiling, 1700-1710

Polychromed wood with gold leaf

Church of Belém, Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil

Charles Belleville, S.J.

Sacristy Ceiling

1700-1710

Polychromed wood with gold leaf

Church of Belém, Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil

Unknown (Macao or Brazil)

Chinese Temple Lion. c. 1734

Stone

Guards the entrance of the Franciscan church and monastery of the church and monastery of Santo Antônio, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

Macao or Brazil

Chinese Temple Lion

c. 1734

Stone

Church and monastery of Santo Antônio, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

Guatemalan

Nativity Group with Angel

18th Century

Wood, polychromed and gilded,

with glass eyes and silver-gilt halos;

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Guatemala

Nativity Group with Angel

Detail, Mary

18th Century

Wood, polychromed and gilded,

with glass eyes and silver-gilt halos;

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Creator: unknown (unknown nationality, artist) Title: Chest with Curved Lid Work Type: Furniture Date: 17th-18th century Material: Wood frame covered with dyed, woven plant fibers; wrought-iron and fretwork trimming; replacements of woven hemp rope on the upper part of the right side and top of lid; wooden nails; modern feet Measurements: 70 x 90 x 49 cm Style Period: Baroque Description: Unknown origin. Subject: Art, Baroque Collection: Haverford College Image Collection ID Number: HC12-0293 Source: Borrell M., Héctor Rivero, et al. The Grandeur of Viceregal Mexico: Treasures From the Museo Franz Mayer = La Grandeza Del México Virreinal : Tesoros Del Museo Franz Mayer. Houston, Tex. : Mexico: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 2002. Source: Page 143, Plate 27 Course Number: HISTH317A01 Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Unknown (Mexican), Virgin of the Rosary, 17th c., Mosaic of feathers and paper on copper plate.

Creator: unknown Mexican (Mexican artist) Culture: Mexican Title: Virgina of the Rosary Work Type: Decorative Arts Date: 17th century Material: Mosaic of feathers and paper on copper plate Measurements: 51 x 39 cm Style Period: Baroque Subject: Art, Baroque Art -- Mexico Art -- Mesoamerica Collection: Haverford College Image Collection ID Number: HC12-0302 Source: Borrell M., Héctor Rivero, et al. The Grandeur of Viceregal Mexico: Treasures From the Museo Franz Mayer = La Grandeza Del México Virreinal : Tesoros Del Museo Franz Mayer. Houston, Tex. : Mexico: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 2002. Source: Page 345, Plate 127 Course Number: HISTH317A01 Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Mexican, Jar with Handles, tin glazed earthenware, mid 17th c. The Hispanic Society of America.

Creator: Hernández, Damian (Mexican potter, active 1607-1653) Creator: Attributed to Culture: Mexican Title: Jar with Handles Work Type: Ceramics Date: mid 17th century Material: Tin-glazed earthenware Measurements: 18 1/2 inches (47 cm) (height), 6 1/4 inches (15.9 cm) (diameter at mouth) Description: Repository: New York, The Hispanic Society of America (E991) Subject: Art, Baroque Art -- Mexico Art -- Mesoamerica Collection: Haverford College Image Collection ID Number: HC12-0250 Source: Rishel, Joseph J., et al. The Arts in Latin America, 1492-1820. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2006. Source: Page 141, Figure I-31 Course Number: HISTH317A01 Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Creator: Mexican, Mexican Title: Vase Work Type: Ceramics Date: 17c Material: tin-glazed earthenware and cobalt Measurements: h:43cm Repository: Museo Franz Mayer, Mexico City Related Item: Mexico, Splendors of Thirty Centuries, exhib., New York, MMA, 1991, p.471 Collection: Modern Latin American Art (Jacquelin Barnitz, Art and Art History Department, University of Texas, Austin) ID Number: 91-03814 Source: Image and original data provided by The University of Texas at Austin, College of Fine Arts. Contact information: Sigrid Knudsen, Curator, Visual Resources Collection, Art and Art History Dept., University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D1300, Austin, TX 76712-0337, (512) 471-4337 (ph), (512) 471-5539 (fax), [email protected]. Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.

Puebla

Basin (Lebrillo)

c. 1650

New York, Metropolitan Museum

earthenware, tin glaze, cobalt and black in-glaze paint

Basin (Lebrillo)

Puebla, c. 1650

New York, Metropolitan Museum

earthenware, tin glaze, cobalt and black in-glaze paint

Creator: unknown Mexican (Mexican artist) Culture: Mexican Title: Jar Work Type: Ceramics Date: early 18th century Material: Tin-glazed earthenware Measurements: 49 x 35 (diameter) cm Style Period: Baroque Subject: Art, Baroque Art -- Mexico Art -- Mesoamerica Collection: Haverford College Image Collection ID Number: HC12-0297 Source: Borrell M., Héctor Rivero, et al. The Grandeur of Viceregal Mexico: Treasures From the Museo Franz Mayer = La Grandeza Del México Virreinal : Tesoros Del Museo Franz Mayer. Houston, Tex. : Mexico: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 2002. Source: Page 225, Plate 69 Course Number: HISTH317A01 Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Mexican, Basin, 1650-1700, tin-glazed earthenware.

Creator: unknown Mexican (Mexican artist) Culture: Mexican Title: Basin Work Type: Ceramics Date: 1650-1700 Date: 17th-18th century Material: Tin-glazed earthenware Measurements: 14 x 49 (diameter) cm Style Period: Baroque Subject: Art, Baroque Art -- Mexico Art -- Mesoamerica Collection: Haverford College Image Collection ID Number: HC12-0296 Source: Borrell M., Héctor Rivero, et al. The Grandeur of Viceregal Mexico: Treasures From the Museo Franz Mayer = La Grandeza Del México Virreinal : Tesoros Del Museo Franz Mayer. Houston, Tex. : Mexico: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 2002. Source: Page 209, Plate 61 Course Number: HISTH317A01 Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Mexican, Basin, 1650-1700, earthenware. Museo Franz Mayer.

Creator: Unknown, Mexican Title: Basin. Work Type: Ceramics Date: 1650-1700. Material: Earthenware. Measurements: D.86cm, H.31cm. Description: No Repository: Mexico City, Museo Franz Mayer Collection: Bryn Mawr Image Collection ID Number: 1192-210935 Source: Mexico, Splendors of Thirty Centuries (NY, Metropolitan Museum Art, 1990). Source: 464219C Source: HART241 Source: Data from: Bryn Mawr College Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.

Unknown (Mexico), Batea (Tray), Lacquered wood with inlaid lacquer decoration, diameter 22 ¼ in. The Hispanic Society of America.

Creator: unknown Mexican (Mexican artist) Culture: Mexican Title: Tray (Batea) Work Type: Decorative Arts Date: 17th century Material: Lacquered wood with inlaid lacquer decoration Measurements: 22 1/4 inches (56.5 cm) (diameter) Description: Repository: New York, The Hispanic Society of America (LS1808) Subject: Art, Baroque Art -- Mexico Art -- Mesoamerica Collection: Haverford College Image Collection ID Number: HC12-0242 Source: Rishel, Joseph J., et al. The Arts in Latin America, 1492-1820. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2006. Source: Page 125, Figure I-14 Course Number: HISTH317A01 Rights: This image was provided by the Tri-College Libraries (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges). The contents are intended for limited noncommercial, educational, and personal use only. Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices. Rights: This image has been selected and made available by an institutional user of the ARTstor Digital Library using ARTstor's software tools. ARTstor has not pre-screened or selected this image, and therefore disclaims any liability for any use of this image. Should you have any legal objection to the use of this image, please notify ARTstor's Contact for Legal Notices.