Produce a brief written discussion of the required reading (there is 1 required reading in the attachment). The other required reading's website is here, http://www.niu.edu/~gpynn/Goldman_WIJB.pdf (Goldman’s“What is Justified Belief?”) You might articulat

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Justifying Belief

Introduction

The human mind works in a very astonishing manner. By virtue of being the thinking resource of the body, it is in itself an entity, organ or part of the physique that has autonomous functions. The inability of a person to perceive what the brain is doing only means that human beings have little control over this resourceful weapon. That although, the mind continues to do wonderful things for the rest of the body and is always on call whenever needed. The role of the brain rest of the time is what raises questions among philosophers, psychologists and psychiatrists alike. The cognitive ability of memory is a difficult phenomenon to comprehend. Despite being virtual, inaccessible the mind can recall facts for decades without the trouble of having to recite them. Names and other tenets of urgent data are stored in a mode that they can be called to mind as soon as possible. This presents the philosophy that knowledge from memory is but an abstract claim (Nagel, 63).

Philosopher Alvin Goldman in his book; Liaisons: Philosophy Meets the Cognitive and Social Sciences ; he argues that there are two thoughts on how knowledge can translate from memory (Goldman, 95). The first is that one can be an internalist and believe only on what they can recall. The second calls for them to be externalists and only believe in what can be termed factual. Personal knowledge is different from common knowledge, and it is from such premise that these two schools of thought derive their arguments. However, knowledge from the mind is a prerequisite of data that is ‘ingested’ in some form of way. Often, people are born with little knowledge of even their existence. As time elapses, and they are introduced to education and rhetoric, they become ‘knowledgeable’. Depending on how their minds imbibe knowledge, some can recall facts while others may not (Goldman, 93).

Many times a person can recall a fact or piece of information, but hardy where they got it from. This challenge continues to be an issue for many scientists. Philosophers struggle very hard to achieve a level of understanding beyond ordinary perception (Nagel, 65). Such premise as all knowledge should be based on the fact is itself a philosophy. However, while evidence continues to be a guiding principle in society, there is very little one can do with knowledge that is only in the head. That although, if backing can be produced from a secondary source, then the backing serves as proof of the fact mentioned. Philosophy disapproves notions that tend to present many contradicting views and hence rhetoric must be supported vehemently.

Conclusion

The decision to become an internalist or externalist is not relevant (Nagel, 65). Both cases have quite appealing defenses for their stands. However, when referring to a particular knowledge in query, there are two aspects that must be considered; the source and the viability of the source. If the source can be recalled then it can probably replicate the same knowledge thus providing defense for it. It the same resource can be trusted or can provide verifiable proof, then again it cements the knowledge as fact. However, a fact remains so despite the ability to prove so unless a consequent ability to prove otherwise exists. Such is the philosophy of knowledge.

Works Cited

Goldman, Alvin I. Liaisons: Philosophy Meets the Cognitive and Social Sciences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, 1992. Print.

Nagel, Jennifer. Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction. , 2014. Print.