Help with 2 anthropology assignments

Natural Selection/ Hardy-Weinberg Formula

Natural selection is a process of “selecting” better-adapted individuals for success in

breeding. This process is most often expressed be the example of the British Moths.

The “Peppered Moths” as they are called ranged in color from a light gray to a

black. Initially, a white color was seen throughout England, because they were able

to camouflage themselves within the lichen on the trees. With the beginning of the

Industrial revolution, pollution increased and changed the white lichen to a black

color. When the lichen changed on the trees, the color of the moths did as well.

More black colored moths were prevalent throughout England. However, when the

anti-pollution legislation was passed in the 1950’s, the air became cleaner thus

giving the advantage to the light gray colored moths again. With this in mind, use

the moth model to understand the process of Natural Selection and answer the

following questions:

1) Would natural selection have taken place if the moths were located elsewhere?

2) Are there any other processes besides natural selection that bring about genetic

change from generation to generation? Explain the differences between them or

explain why not?

Are they at play here? If yes, how and if no, why not?

3) Is this an example of macro or microevolution? Why?

Punnett Squares:

t t

T

t

T T

T

t

T t

t

B B

B

b

T T

t

/

1. Cross a purebred (homozygous) short pea plant with a hybrid (heterozygous) tall pea plant (tt x Tt). What will the phenotype of the offspring be? What will the genotype of the offspring be?

Genotype Phenotype

2. Cross a purebred (homozygous) tall pea plant with a hybrid (heterozygous) tall pea plant (TT x Tt). What will the phenotype of the offspring be? What will the genotype be?

Genotype Phenotype

3. Cross a hybrid (heterozygous) tall pea plant with a hybrid (heterozygous) tall pea plant (Tt x Tt). What will the phenotype of the offspring be? What will the genotype be?

Genotype Phenotype

4. Cross a purebred (homozygous) black pigeon with a hybrid (heterozygous) black (BB x Bb). What will the phenotype of the offspring be? What will the genotype be?

Genotype Phenotype

5. Cross a purebred (homozygous) tall pea plant with a pure"­ bred (homozygous) short pea plant (TT x tt). What will the phenotype of the offspring be? What will the genotype be?

Genotype Phenotype