physical chemistry (Fundamental principles of quantum theory)
CHEM 3512 Winter 2015: Physical Chemistry Problem Set 1
Due date: Thurs January 15 Directions: Complete all problems and show all work for full credit. 1. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength (in meters) for: a) a baseball with a mass of 0.142 kg travelling at 90 mph, and b) an electron with a mass of 9.109 × 10–31 kg travelling in an atom at 1.0 × 107 m/s. 2. A free particle with mass m can move in one dimension x in the absence of any external potentials.
a. Write the Schrödinger equation for this free particle.
b. Suppose the particle is in the state ψ = eikx , where k is positive, real constant. Is this state an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian? If so, what does a measurement of the energy yield?
c. Suppose the particle is in the superposition state:
ψ = 1 2 eikx −
3 2 e−ikx .
Is this state an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian? If so, what is the probability that a measurement of the momentum will find the particle moving in the –x direction?
d. Suppose the particle is in the superposition state given in part c above. A measure-‐ ment of the momentum finds the particle moving in the –x direction. A second measurement is made immediately afterwards. What is the probability of finding the particle moving in the +x direction in this second measurement? Why?
3. Which pairs, if any, of the following three functions are orthogonal over the interval from 0 to π?
CHEM 3512 Winter 2015 Problem Set 1 2
4. Consider the operator Â, which has three orthonormal eigenfunctions ϕn and associated eigenvalues an:
Âϕn = anϕn, for n = 0,1, 2 .
A normalized wavefunction ψ is expanded in terms of the three eigenfunctions of Â:
ψ = c0ϕ0 +c1ϕ1 +c2ϕ2 .
a. Normalization of ψ means that:
ψ 2 dτ∫ =1.
Substitute in the eigenfunction expansion and re-‐write this condition in terms of the coefficients cn.
b. Calculate the expectation value of  with respect to ψ in terms of the coefficients cn and eigenvalues an.
c. If c0 = 0.4472 and c2 = 0.5477, what is the probability that a measurement of  will yield a1?
5. The normalized ground state wavefunction for the electron in the 1s orbital of the hy-‐ drogen atom is:
ψ = 1 πa0
3
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1 2
e−r a0,
where r is the distance from the nucleus and a0 is a constant. Calculate the expectation val-‐ ue of the Coulomb operator V = –1/r with respect to ψ.