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Discussion 1:

Pre-Socratics were primarily focused on metaphysics and ethical ideas. The Pre-Socratic philosophers did not accept traditional mythological ideas, rather they sought out for more rational explanations. The goal of the Pre-Socratics were to discover explanations to all natural phenomena in the human life.  These philosophers in this era were focused on who, what, when, where, and why of everything in existence, excluding the use of mythology. Pre Socratic philosophers also focused in areas such as the structure and the function of the human soul, human knowledge, and morality. Some of the metaphysical findings from the Pre-Socratic philosophers appears unscientific based on today’s modern science, however, many pre-Socratic questions still remain relevant today.

            The revolutionary findings of the pre-Socratic era contributed to the discovery of medical science, atoms, and mathematics as stated in Chapter 2 in the Landmark in Humanities book. The Hippocratic Oath (an oath taken by physicians swearing to uphold specific medical ethics) derived from Pre-Socratic philosopher Hippocrates, also known as the father of medicine. This sacred oath is still apart of medical practice today. The philosophers Democritus and Leucippus developed the atomic theory, which is the basis of modern science. The so—called “father of mathematics”, Pythagoras, was an important figure in the development of mathematics. Pythagoras believed that all things were numbers and there was a mathematical basis for everything. There is much debate when it comes to the theoretic findings of Pythagoras (as is with most findings from Western civilization), however, he is famous for the geometry theorem that we now know as the Pythagoras theorem. Pythagoras’s theories also contributed to numerical concepts in musical instruments.

            Without the Pre-Socratic influence, we cannot determine how “modern thinking” would be defined today.  Influences from the pre-Socratic era created the foundation of philosophy as we know it. Humans now have a “think outside of the box” approach on everything, leaving even the simplest inquiries unanswered.

Fiero, Gloria K. Landmarks in Humanities. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd., 2013.

Discussion 2:

Early Greek traditions were of based on a belief that every experience in life, every object, living or non-living, was inhabited by or influence by the Gods or spirits. The world and everything in it were living beings, with intentions of it’s own.

The Pre Socratic philosophers differed in this view of the world. They introduced the idea that the world divided. In their view it consisted of living things, those with personalities, which act for themselves and non-living things, inanimate things that can only be acted upon. The Pre Socratics viewed the world to be inanimate, a tool to be utilized and manipulated by man.

The Pre Socratic philosophy was a paradigm shift. The idea that man was morally and intellectually independent of the world not controlled and acted upon by the nature was a huge adjustment. The gods no longer governed man.

In today’s society we can see this in the Native American culture. Native American tribes have had problems adjusting to a simple agrarian culture let alone some of the more complex and scarring production models of mining and drilling. This cultural imprint has contributed to making them less productive as a whole. Their belief that Mother Earth has a spirit and must be protected makes it hard to be successful when so much or our society depends on industries that use the land as an instrument.