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ap_euro_louis_xiv.docx

Analysis

King Louis XIV, the “Sun King” of France, can be considered an eighteenth century despot, as he used many thoughts and ideas that were spread during the Enlightenment such as the social contract theory, a renewed passion for religion, and increased production of the arts and sciences.

With the rise of the Enlightenment, people of Europe started educating themselves about philosophy, society, and science. Most of these learned people started phasing religion out of the European lifestyle, and started advocating the “social contract.” The social contract stated that governments are formed by men, must respond to the needs of men, and can be changed by men if seen as undesirable. This is why some enlightened despots started to treat their citizens with more respect and consideration than did previous absolutist monarchs. In Louis XIV’s case, he is quoted to have said, “Complaints and petitions arrived in great numbers but I did not allow that to put me off...They enabled me to inform myself in detail about the condition of my people...When cases of injustice came to my attention I made further inquiries and sometimes stepped in to rectify them.  One or two examples of this kind prevented a thousand similar abuses,” (Document 1). By saying this, he shows his caring of his people, and his devotion to the betterment of their quality of life. There is little doubt that Louis XIV wanted to make life better for his people because of his reading of texts of the Enlightenment.

Louis XIV, a devout Catholic, wanted everyone to be Catholic, but did not force anybody to convert since he was an enlightened despot. To his surprise, however, he started receiving daily reports of entire towns converting to Catholicism, and deemed that it is his mission from God to remove France of heresy. “...By this date the king is receiving almost daily reports of the conversion of whole towns to the Catholic church.  The king, somewhat taken aback, has concluded that God wishes to make use of him to bring to perfection the holy work he has begun which is the conversion of all his subjects...he is the invincible hero destined by eternal wisdom to destroy the terrible monster of heresy...” (Document 10). These conversions are likely to be of his fair treatment to his people, as stated in Document 1.

Besides his increased zeal and will to improve his citizens’ lives, Louis XIV also believed in the increase in productivity of the arts and sciences. When one of his guests at his palace stated that intelligence was not necessary, Louis XIV disagreed. “The king said to Monseiur de Vendome: 'You, sir, who are a man of parts, should belong to the Academy.' 'I have no merit, sire, but perhaps they might overlook that, since no great intelligence is necessary.' 'What!' exclaimed the king. 'Not necessary?   Look at Monsieur the archbishop, Monsieur de Bussy and all these other gentlemen, if you consider intelligence not necessary,’” (Document 3). He is then said to have argued with the man for hours regarding this matter. There are other instances where Louis XIV’s value of the arts and sciences shows, an example being the occasional performances he allowed at Versailles (Document 2).