The Ancien, or “Old”, Regime was the term used to describe the political, social, aristocratic, and monarchic systems of France. This regime existed from about the fifteenth century to 1789, and during this time period there existed an absolute monarchy. The eldest son usually was the heir to the throne, and it was believed that the monarch of France took orders from God, so if anyone went against the ruler, it was believed that he/she went against God.
Society during this time period was split into three estates, or classes. The first estate was composed of Catholic clergy members. The people in this estate did not have to pay taxes, owned approximately twenty-five percent of the land, and made up approximately two percent of the French population. The second estate was the nobility. These people made up approximately three percent of the population, owned approximately fifty percent of the land, and did not have to pay taxes either. This left all taxes and approximately twenty-five percent of the land to the remaining ninety-five percent of the population, the peasants, who composed the third estate.
The quality of life for the average citizen in the Ancien Regime, though it was slowly rising. Diseases were quite common and widespread. Many could barely afford to feed their families. Most powerful positions were held by men, leaving many women with less power and influence politically than their male counterparts. Education was improving in the later years as the Scientific Revolution brought the notion that rational knowledge was key to a successful nation. Religious conflicts were still widespread, however, as traditional Catholics argued against progressive Protestants.
In 1789, with the storming of the Bastille, the Ancien Regime would be no more as the ninety-five percent were fed up with the inequality that existed between the social classes. The French Revolution had begun.