bus 308 week4 and 5
Week4
| Score: | Week 4 | Confidence Intervals and Chi Square (Chs 11 - 12) | ||||||||||||||
| For questions 3 and 4 below, be sure to list the null and alternate hypothesis statements. Use .05 for your significance level in making your decisions. | ||||||||||||||||
| For full credit, you need to also show the statistical outcomes - either the Excel test result or the calculations you performed. | ||||||||||||||||
| <1 point> | 1 | Using our sample data, construct a 95% confidence interval for the population's mean salary for each gender. | ||||||||||||||
| Interpret the results. How do they compare with the findings in the week 2 one sample t-test outcomes (Question 1)? | ||||||||||||||||
| Mean | St error | t value | Low | to | High | |||||||||||
| Males | ||||||||||||||||
| Females | ||||||||||||||||
| <Reminder: standard error is the sample standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size.> | ||||||||||||||||
| Interpretation: | ||||||||||||||||
| <1 point> | 2 | Using our sample data, construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean salary difference between the genders in the population. | ||||||||||||||
| How does this compare to the findings in week 2, question 2? | ||||||||||||||||
| Difference | St Err. | T value | Low | to | High | |||||||||||
| Yes/No | ||||||||||||||||
| Can the means be equal? | Why? | |||||||||||||||
| How does this compare to the week 2, question 2 result (2 sampe t-test)? | ||||||||||||||||
| a. | Why is using a two sample tool (t-test, confidence interval) a better choice than using 2 one-sample techniques when comparing two samples? | |||||||||||||||
| <1 point> | 3 | We found last week that the degree values within the population do not impact compa rates. | ||||||||||||||
| This does not mean that degrees are distributed evenly across the grades and genders. | ||||||||||||||||
| Do males and females have athe same distribution of degrees by grade? | ||||||||||||||||
| (Note: while technically the sample size might not be large enough to perform this test, ignore this limitation for this exercise.) | ||||||||||||||||
| What are the hypothesis statements: | ||||||||||||||||
| Ho: | ||||||||||||||||
| Ha: | ||||||||||||||||
| Note: You can either use the Excel Chi-related functions or do the calculations manually. | ||||||||||||||||
| Data input tables - graduate degrees by gender and grade level | ||||||||||||||||
| OBSERVED | A | B | C | D | E | F | Total | If desired, you can do manual calculations per cell here. | ||||||||
| M Grad | A | B | C | D | E | F | ||||||||||
| Fem Grad | M Grad | |||||||||||||||
| Male Und | Fem Grad | |||||||||||||||
| Female Und | Male Und | |||||||||||||||
| Female Und | ||||||||||||||||
| Sum = | ||||||||||||||||
| EXPECTED | ||||||||||||||||
| M Grad | For this exercise - ignore the requirement for a correction factor | |||||||||||||||
| Fem Grad | for cells with expected values less than 5. | |||||||||||||||
| Male Und | ||||||||||||||||
| Female Und | ||||||||||||||||
| Interpretation: | ||||||||||||||||
| What is the value of the chi square statistic: | ||||||||||||||||
| What is the p-value associated with this value: | ||||||||||||||||
| Is the p-value <0.05? | ||||||||||||||||
| Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis: | ||||||||||||||||
| If you rejected the null, what is the Cramer's V correlation: | ||||||||||||||||
| What does this correlation mean? | ||||||||||||||||
| What does this decision mean for our equal pay question: | ||||||||||||||||
| <1 point> | 4 | Based on our sample data, can we conclude that males and females are distributed across grades in a similar pattern | ||||||||||||||
| within the population? | ||||||||||||||||
| What are the hypothesis statements: | ||||||||||||||||
| Ho: | ||||||||||||||||
| Ha: | ||||||||||||||||
| Do manual calculations per cell here (if desired) | ||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | E | F | A | B | C | D | E | F | |||||
| OBS COUNT - m | M | |||||||||||||||
| OBS COUNT - f | F | |||||||||||||||
| Sum = | ||||||||||||||||
| EXPECTED | ||||||||||||||||
| What is the value of the chi square statistic: | ||||||||||||||||
| What is the p-value associated with this value: | ||||||||||||||||
| Is the p-value <0.05? | ||||||||||||||||
| Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis: | ||||||||||||||||
| If you rejected the null, what is the Phi correlation: | ||||||||||||||||
| What does this correlation mean? | ||||||||||||||||
| What does this decision mean for our equal pay question: | ||||||||||||||||
| <2 points> | 5. How do you interpret these results in light of our question about equal pay for equal work? | |||||||||||||||
Data Set
| See comments at the right of the data set. | ||||||||||||||||
| ID | Salary | Compa | Midpoint | Age | Performance Rating | Service | Gender | Raise | Degree | Gender1 | Grade | The ongoing question that the weekly assignments will focus on is: Are males and females paid the same for equal work (under the Equal Pay Act)? | ||||
| 8 | 23 | 1.000 | 23 | 32 | 90 | 9 | 1 | 5.8 | 0 | F | A | Note: to simplfy the analysis, we will assume that jobs within each grade comprise equal work. | ||||
| 10 | 22 | 0.956 | 23 | 30 | 80 | 7 | 1 | 4.7 | 0 | F | A | |||||
| 11 | 23 | 1.000 | 23 | 41 | 100 | 19 | 1 | 4.8 | 0 | F | A | The column labels in the table mean: | ||||
| 14 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 32 | 90 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 0 | F | A | ID – Employee sample number | Salary – Salary in thousands | |||
| 15 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 32 | 80 | 8 | 1 | 4.9 | 0 | F | A | Age – Age in years | Performance Rating – Appraisal rating (Employee evaluation score) | |||
| 23 | 23 | 1.000 | 23 | 36 | 65 | 6 | 1 | 3.3 | 1 | F | A | Service – Years of service (rounded) | Gender: 0 = male, 1 = female | |||
| 26 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 22 | 95 | 2 | 1 | 6.2 | 1 | F | A | Midpoint – salary grade midpoint | Raise – percent of last raise | |||
| 31 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 29 | 60 | 4 | 1 | 3.9 | 0 | F | A | Grade – job/pay grade | Degree (0= BS\BA 1 = MS) | |||
| 35 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 23 | 90 | 4 | 1 | 5.3 | 1 | F | A | Gender1 (Male or Female) | Compa - salary divided by midpoint | |||
| 36 | 23 | 1.000 | 23 | 27 | 75 | 3 | 1 | 4.3 | 1 | F | A | |||||
| 37 | 22 | 0.956 | 23 | 22 | 95 | 2 | 1 | 6.2 | 1 | F | A | |||||
| 42 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 32 | 100 | 8 | 1 | 5.7 | 0 | F | A | |||||
| 3 | 34 | 1.096 | 31 | 30 | 75 | 5 | 1 | 3.6 | 0 | F | B | |||||
| 18 | 36 | 1.161 | 31 | 31 | 80 | 11 | 1 | 5.6 | 1 | F | B | |||||
| 20 | 34 | 1.096 | 31 | 44 | 70 | 16 | 1 | 4.8 | 1 | F | B | |||||
| 39 | 35 | 1.129 | 31 | 27 | 90 | 6 | 1 | 5.5 | 1 | F | B | |||||
| 7 | 41 | 1.025 | 40 | 32 | 100 | 8 | 1 | 5.7 | 0 | F | C | |||||
| 13 | 42 | 1.050 | 40 | 30 | 100 | 2 | 1 | 4.7 | 1 | F | C | |||||
| 22 | 57 | 1.187 | 48 | 48 | 65 | 6 | 1 | 3.8 | 0 | F | D | |||||
| 24 | 50 | 1.041 | 48 | 30 | 75 | 9 | 1 | 3.8 | 1 | F | D | |||||
| 45 | 55 | 1.145 | 48 | 36 | 95 | 8 | 1 | 5.2 | 0 | F | D | |||||
| 17 | 69 | 1.210 | 57 | 27 | 55 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | F | E | |||||
| 48 | 65 | 1.140 | 57 | 34 | 90 | 11 | 1 | 5.3 | 1 | F | E | |||||
| 28 | 75 | 1.119 | 67 | 44 | 95 | 9 | 1 | 4.4 | 1 | F | F | |||||
| 43 | 77 | 1.149 | 67 | 42 | 95 | 20 | 1 | 5.5 | 1 | F | F | |||||
| 19 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 32 | 85 | 1 | 0 | 4.6 | 1 | M | A | |||||
| 25 | 24 | 1.043 | 23 | 41 | 70 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | M | A | |||||
| 40 | 25 | 1.086 | 23 | 24 | 90 | 2 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | M | A | |||||
| 2 | 27 | 0.870 | 31 | 52 | 80 | 7 | 0 | 3.9 | 0 | M | B | |||||
| 32 | 28 | 0.903 | 31 | 25 | 95 | 4 | 0 | 5.6 | 0 | M | B | |||||
| 34 | 28 | 0.903 | 31 | 26 | 80 | 2 | 0 | 4.9 | 1 | M | B | |||||
| 16 | 47 | 1.175 | 40 | 44 | 90 | 4 | 0 | 5.7 | 0 | M | C | |||||
| 27 | 40 | 1.000 | 40 | 35 | 80 | 7 | 0 | 3.9 | 1 | M | C | |||||
| 41 | 43 | 1.075 | 40 | 25 | 80 | 5 | 0 | 4.3 | 0 | M | C | |||||
| 5 | 47 | 0.979 | 48 | 36 | 90 | 16 | 0 | 5.7 | 1 | M | D | |||||
| 30 | 49 | 1.020 | 48 | 45 | 90 | 18 | 0 | 4.3 | 0 | M | D | |||||
| 1 | 58 | 1.017 | 57 | 34 | 85 | 8 | 0 | 5.7 | 0 | M | E | |||||
| 4 | 66 | 1.157 | 57 | 42 | 100 | 16 | 0 | 5.5 | 1 | M | E | |||||
| 12 | 60 | 1.052 | 57 | 52 | 95 | 22 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | M | E | |||||
| 33 | 64 | 1.122 | 57 | 35 | 90 | 9 | 0 | 5.5 | 1 | M | E | |||||
| 38 | 56 | 0.982 | 57 | 45 | 95 | 11 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | M | E | |||||
| 44 | 60 | 1.052 | 57 | 45 | 90 | 16 | 0 | 5.2 | 1 | M | E | |||||
| 46 | 65 | 1.140 | 57 | 39 | 75 | 20 | 0 | 3.9 | 1 | M | E | |||||
| 47 | 62 | 1.087 | 57 | 37 | 95 | 5 | 0 | 5.5 | 1 | M | E | |||||
| 49 | 60 | 1.052 | 57 | 41 | 95 | 21 | 0 | 6.6 | 0 | M | E | |||||
| 50 | 66 | 1.157 | 57 | 38 | 80 | 12 | 0 | 4.6 | 0 | M | E | |||||
| 6 | 76 | 1.134 | 67 | 36 | 70 | 12 | 0 | 4.5 | 1 | M | F | |||||
| 9 | 77 | 1.149 | 67 | 49 | 100 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 1 | M | F | |||||
| 21 | 76 | 1.134 | 67 | 43 | 95 | 13 | 0 | 6.3 | 1 | M | F | |||||
| 29 | 72 | 1.074 | 67 | 52 | 95 | 5 | 0 | 5.4 | 0 | M | F | |||||
| Mean | 45 | 1.06248 | 41.76 | 35.72 | 85.9 | 8.96 | 0.5 | 4.938 | 0.5 | ERROR:#DIV/0! | ERROR:#DIV/0! | |||||
| StdDVA | 19.20140301 | 0.0768250703 | 16.231186912 | 8.2512584074 | 11.4147237534 | 5.7177132578 | 0.5050762723 | 0.8672946443 | 0.5050762723 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Max | 77 | 1.21 | 67 | 52 | 100 | 22 | 1 | 6.6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Min | 22 | 0.87 | 23 | 22 | 55 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Diff | 55 | 0.34 | 44 | 30 | 45 | 21 | 1 | 3.6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Male | Mean | 52 | 1.05624 | 48.64 | 38.92 | 87.6 | 10 | |||||||||
| StdDVA | 17.7763888346 | 0.0837890605 | 14.6880904137 | 8.3860996099 | 8.6746757864 | 6.3574103743 | ||||||||||
| Max | 77 | 1.175 | 67 | 52 | 100 | 22 | ||||||||||
| Min | 24 | 0.87 | 23 | 24 | 70 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Range | 53 | 0.305 | 44 | 28 | 30 | 21 | ||||||||||
| Female | Mean | 38 | 1.06872 | 34.88 | 32.52 | 84.2 | 7.92 | |||||||||
| StdDVA | 18.2938969787 | 0.0703446989 | 14.9508082279 | 6.8806491942 | 13.5922772191 | 4.9067980055 | ||||||||||
| Max | 77 | 1.21 | 67 | 48 | 100 | 20 | ||||||||||
| Min | 22 | 0.956 | 23 | 22 | 55 | 2 | ||||||||||
| Range | 55 | 0.254 | 44 | 26 | 45 | 18 | ||||||||||