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Chapter 16

Criminal Behavior:

A Psychological Approach/ Tenth Edition

Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime

Summarize the effects of the psychoactive drugs that have been most connected to crime and delinquency

Caution about and emphasize the many individual differences in reactions to drugs and alcohol

Define and explain drug tolerance and dependence

Examine closely the extent of juvenile substance and alcohol use

CHAPTER 16 OBJECTIVES

Note the illegal drugs mot commonly used by American culture

Explain and discuss club drugs

Focus on the effects and extent of marijuana use

Sketch the relationship between alcohol abuse and crime and delinquency

Explain the tripartite conceptual model and experimental substance use

Juvenile Drug Use

Associated with:

Health problems

Deviant and antisocial behavior

High risk behaviors

Poor academic performance

Marijuana use increasing

High school students are selling

Males use more frequently than females

Juvenile Drug Use

Use, sale, manufacture, distribution, & possession of illegal drugs

Pharmacological effects on user’s behavior in promoting criminal actions

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

Two Perspectives on Drugs and Crime

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

More individuals are incarcerated or held in jails and prisons for drug offenses than for any other offense, and this has contributed to burgeoning jail and prison populations

Arrestees frequently test positive for illicit drug use

Arrestees and incarcerated offenders were often under the influence of illicit drugs when they committed their offenses

Some offenders commit property crime to support their drug habit

Drug trafficking often engenders violent crime

The drug-crime relationship is difficult to identify and measure

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

More individuals are incarcerated or held in jails and prisons for drug offenses than for any other offense, and this has contributed to burgeoning jail and prison populations

Implications for jail & prison overcrowding

Change in sentencing laws related to drug offenses

Community substance abuse treatment in lieu of incarceration

Drug Courts

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

2. Arrestees frequently test positive for illicit drug use

Arrestees Drug Abuse Monitoring II (ADAM II)

52-80% of arrestees tested positive for at lease one drug in system at time of arrest

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

3. Arrestees and incarcerated offenders were often under the influence of illicit drugs when they committed their offenses

2004 – Nearly 1/3 of state and 1/4 of federal prisoners committed offense under influence of drugs

Criminal groups have drug preference

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

4. Some offenders commit property crime to support their drug habit

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

5. Drug trafficking often engenders violent crime

Drug deals incite violence

Rival organizations

Gangs

Buyers and sellers

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

6. The drug-crime relationship is difficult to identify

and measure

Complicated Interaction

The chemical effect of the drug on the body

The psychological characteristics of the person using the drug

The psychosocial conditions under which the drug is taken

Interactions a drug has with other drugs taken simultaneously

Findings on Illicit Drug Abuse

The Tripartite Conceptual Model

Goldstein (1985)

Three main types of drug related crime

Psychopharmacologically Driven Crime

Systemic Crime

Economically Compulsive

Stimulants

Hallucinogens

Sedative-Hypnotics

Opiate Narcotics

Major Categories of Drugs

Psychoactive

Drugs

4th Amendment applies to law enforcement through 4 areas:

Seizures

Stop-and-frisk

Arrests

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration (2005)

Major Categories of Drugs

Tolerance

Dependence

Hallucinogens

Marijuana