Solar Energy

English rapport.odt

SOLAR ENERGY IN SAUDI ARABIA

Turki BUJLAI

ID number

Framing :

M.BENSON

Summary

Table of Contents

Summary...................................................................................

Inrodution................................................................................

1. Solar energy.........................................................................

1.1 Definition.....................................................................................

1.2 Use in Saudi Arabia.......................................................................

1.2.1 Termal energy................................................................................

1.2.2 Photovoltaics.................................................................................

1.3 Advantage and disadvantage.........................................................

1.4 Advantage for Saudi Arabia.........................................................

2. Conclusions..............................................................................

3. References............................................................................

4. Appendices :

1. • • 4.1 Appendix 1

       4.2 Appendix 2

Introduction

1. • • Solar energy

       1.1 Definition :

Solar energy is an energy source which depends on the sun. This energy is used to produce electricity from photovoltaic panels or solar thermal power plants, with the sunlight captured by solar panels.

The sun, although distant from over 150 million miles of us, is our most

great source of energy even if it is intermittent.

It is a clean energy that emits no greenhouse gases, and its raw material, the sun is available all over the world, free and inexhaustible.

How does a solar installation?

3 elements are necessary for a photovoltaic system: solar panels, an inverter and a counter. These three elements are used to recover the energy transmitted by the sun and turn it into electricity and then distribute it to all clients connected to the network.

• Integrated into the roof, solar panels directly convert DC electricity into light.

• The inverter is then used to transform the electricity from AC network compatible.

• The meter measures the amount of current injected into the network.

Figure 1 : Solar Field

1. • Use in Saudi Arabia

1. • 1.2.1 Termal energy :

Solar thermal energy is obtained by converting solar radiation into heat energy.

Thermal energy to direct or indirect use:

It can be used to heat buildings or domestic water used therein, with solar water heaters. In such cases, its use is described as live, which means it can also be indirect.

Indeed, the thermal solar energy may also be used to produce steam (or other liquid) that can then be used, for example, to rotate an alternator, and thus to produce energy electric. This mechanism can be used in solar thermal power plants.

Solar thermal energy differs from solar photovoltaics, which is obtained by converting sunlight directly into electricity.

Description of a thermal solar panel:

The fluid flows through a coil, painted black, optionally covered with a glass surface and protected on the other side by an insulator. The tube where the fluid flows may also be doubled for additional insulation.

1.2.2 Photovoltaics:

Photovoltaic solar energy is obtained by converting part of the energy of sunlight into electricity. This is done by means of photovoltaic installations. It is a renewable energy.

Photovoltaics, the photon to the electron:

Photovoltaics refers to an effect of the same name, which was first described in 1839 by Antoine Becquerel. Schematically, a photon entering a semiconductor material (such as silicon, CIGS, or the CZTS CdTe) may be able to excite an electron. It can then move and be harvested.

Photovoltaic solar energy has several advantages. For example, it does not release greenhouse gases. In addition, solar panels can be installed in remote locations all electricity distribution network.

1. • Advantage and disadvantage

Advantage :

• The sun is an inexhaustible source of energy, pollution, and sufficient for all our energy needs.

• The use of thermal sensors can produce domestic hot water and heating at low cost.

• After the installation completed, maintenance is very inexpensive and allows substantial savings of fossil fuel or electricity.

• The use of solar energy as easily justified for individual devices and remote or sparsely populated areas because of transportation costs of fossil fuels or electricity connection.

Disadvantage :

• The cost is still high compared to fossil or nuclear sources.

Advantage for Saudi Arabia :

• Saudi Arabia has the strongest sunlight warming.

• Country of 2.3 million square kilometers where 80% of the city population alive: there is a lot of space to install solar panels in the desert.

• Ability to export the surplus solar energy created and unused.

2. Conclusion

3. References

• • • Alriyadh newspaper :http://www.alriyadh.com/2012/11/28/article787982.html

    • King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy: http://kacare.gov.sa/en/

    • Photovoltaic:http://tpesolaire.chez.com/Fabrication%20et%20fonctionnement%20des%20panneaux%20solaires.html

    • Saudi Arabia solar industry association: http://saudi-sia.com/?lang=ar

1. • • Appendices 

       4.1 Appendix 1 :

Figure 2: Thermal solar panel.

4.2 Appendix 2 :

Figure 3 :Photovoltaic solar panels.

Date 16/12/2014