PSY 560

a. anxiety disorders, impulse-control disorders and substance abuse disorders.

b. depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorders.

c. depression, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders.

d. substance-abuse disorders, relationship problems, depression.

8. A major sociocultural event that created an acute need for psychological test- ing in the United States was

a. the establishment of psychology departments in major universities.

b. new requirement for public school education for all children.

c. the involvement of the country in WWI.

d. he establishment of the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH).

9. A major development in 1946 that supported clinical psychology as an ap- plied field that offered psychotherapy was

a. the VA's launching of a program to support training in mental health disci-

plines.

b. the proliferation of child guidance clinics.

c. the development of psychoanalytic institutes.

d. the advent of professional organizations.

10. Which of the following is NOT a major feature of the psychodynamic approach to psychotherapy?

a. Human behavior is derived from an internal struggle between meeting libidinal needs and being socially appropriate.

b. Sexual abuse of children is widespread and responsible for many symptoms in adults.

c. The ld, Ego, and Superego are major mental agencies that affect personality development.

d. Defense mechanisms operate at an unconscious level to keep conflicts from reaching consciousness.

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PSY 560 Clinical Psyc

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11. Clinical treatment in the psychodynamic tradition would include:

a. uncovering intrapsychic activity to alleviate behavior problems.

b. using free association to unearth sources of symptoms.

c. developing insight through interpretations.

d. all of the above

12. The philosophical position which states that behavior is determined by the perception of experience rather than the experience directly is

a. psychoanalytic.

b. phenomenology.

c. self-actualization.

d. Gestalt psychology.

13. Carl Rogers developed a humanistic therapy he termed

a. experimental.

b. client-centered.

c. Gestalt.

d. group therapy.

14. While many clinicians believe that developing more descriptive assessments would be of benefit in both research and clinical settings, this is unlikely to happen because

a. the benefit of an efficient shorthand for communicating about disorders out-

weighs all other considerations.

b. it would never be reliable and valid.

c. they are time consuming and therefore expensive.

d. the different theoretical approaches will probably never be able to agree on the descriptions.

15. Which of the following statement accurately reflects the role of assessment in treatment planning?

a. Since diagnoses based on thorough assessments tend to be very distinct, it has been possible to define specific treatments for those diagnoses.

b. Psychodiagnostic assessment fits very neatly into the medical model.

c. Assessment can not only assist in the development of a treatment plan, but can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment as well. institutes.

d. In real, every day practice, assessment has little relationship to treatment planning.

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

16. Forensic evaluations often are focused on questions related to

a. the prediction of dangerousness.

b. the likelihood of relapse.

c. understanding recidivism rates.

d. understanding the individual's ability to form lasting relationships after incarceration.

17. The main reason that it is so difficult to predict dangerousness is that

a. no relevant, valid measures exist to measure this behavior.

b. most clinicians refuse to work with clients who have been assaultive in the past, so little data is available to use in making such predictions.

c. dangerousness is often comorbid with drug and alcohol abuse which renders our instruments much less reliable.

d. the base rate for such behaviors is very low for most groups of people.

18. Which of the following is an example of a true negative outcome?

a. Mary's pregnancy test came back negative, but she is actually pregnant.

b. Joe's car was clocked speeding by a radar gun while he was going faster that the posted speed limit.

c. Anna failed an exam because she hadn't learned the information it covered.

d. Tony's strep test came back negative, but he didn't recover without antibiotic treatment.

19. Research indicates that clinical intuition is

a. a result of highly developed specialized memory capacities.

b. based on excellent information-processing abilities.

c. often based on the same cognitive habits and biases common to other hu- mans.

d. more accurate when based on larger amounts of information.

20. Among the sources of errors that can occur in the interview are

a. the clinician being much more intelligent than the client.

b. malingering and impression management.

c. client biases about the interview process.

d. all of the above

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

21. In order to improve informal observation methods, clinicians should

a. lengthen the first interview session to facilitate the sharing of anecdotal information.

b. consult with other clinicians about information obtained during early inter- views.

c. observe overt behaviors and place greater emphasis on them during the inter- view.

d. focus on establishing a diagnosis as quickly as possible.

22. Why is it important to attempt to improve an observation's ecological validity?

a. Greater ecological validity can help clinicians design treatment programs that

can be more easily implemented in home, school or work environments.

b. It is important that clinicians be aware of everyone's carbon footprint.

c. The greater the ecological validity, the more sophisticated the diagnosis.

d. All of the above

23. When a researcher or clinician obtains information contained in records such as medical reports or school transcripts, she

a. is risking violating the privacy of the subject or client.

b. is likely to be including non-essential information that might cloud clinical judgment.

c. does not need to worry about confidentiality issues.

d. is using nonreactive or unobtrusive measurements.

24. Self-monitoring

a. requires the client to record various events and behaviors occurring in their daily life.

b. is often used by behaviorally-oriented clinicians to establish base-rates of behavior.

c. may not provide accurate information about addictive behavior.

d. all of the above

25. Another term for controlled observations is

a. analog behavior observations.

b. situation tests ..

c. contrived observations.

d. all of the above are synonymous with controlled observations

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Written Assignment for Unit One

• Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number on each page of your written assignment (this is for your protection in case your materials become separated).

• Begin each written assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by the actual question itself (in bold type).

• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e. an introduction, middle paragraphs and conclusion).

• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using a standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.

Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to written assignments. However, students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit written assignments that fall in the following ranges:

Undergraduate courses: 350 - 500 words or 1 - 2 pages. Graduate courses: 500 - 750 words or 2 - 3 pages. Doctoral courses: 750 - 1000 words or 4 - 5 pages.

Plagiarism

All work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer to the course Syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.

Please answer ONE of the following:

1. Describe the differences between the Boulder model and the Vail model of clinical training.

2. What conclusions have been reached about the efficacy of statistical or actuarial predictions as they relate to clinical prediction?

3. Discuss observational assessment and the various techniques used to assess the client.

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. Having good consistency, reliability, validity, clinical utility and test norms be- ing based on large representative samples could be considered

a. quality indicators of psychological tests.

b. noble goals that are rarely realized in test development.

c. qualities only found in the measures developed just following WWII.

d. particularly descriptive of projective measures.

2. The Triarchic theory of intelligence

a. was developed by Howard Gardner.

b. argues that there are three kinds of intelligence, analytical, creative and prac- tical.

c. is measured by the STAT which has been well researched to establish it's validity and reliability.

d. all of the above.

3. Which statistical method is used to determine which specific abilities or traits cluster together?

a. cluster analysis

b. correlational analysis

c. ipsative analysis

d. factor analysis

4. The current revision of the Stanford Binet (SB5)

a. is not considered reliable.

b. is no longer used to diagnose gifted, learning-disordered or intellectually- impaired children.

c. is build around a heirarchical model of intelligence.

d. postulates eight different intelligences or frames of mind.

5. The most popular intelligence test in the United States is the

a. SB5.

b. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children.

c. WAISIII

d. STAT

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

6. Kaufman describes intelligence as both

a. verbal and visual motor abilities.

b. intuitive and objective understanding.

c. higher order and basic functions.

d. the ability to solve problems and "crystallized" intelligence.

7. In what ways are values different from attitudes and interests?

a. They are fewer in number and more central to a person's belief system.

b. They have a much more clearly pronounced effect on a person's behavior.

c. They are much more directly related to intelligence.

d. Research indicates that values aren't different from attitudes and interests.

8. Which of the following individuals is likely to be a more effective therapist?

a. Sam, who is trained in all the most current evidence-based treatments.

b. Susan, who is very self-controlled but conveys sympathy to her clients.

c. Mary, who is very self-controlled and rarely expresses emotions directly to her clients.

d. Andrew, who at times expresses his emotions very assertively.

9. One area that graduate programs may not address fully, according to many therapists, is

a. how to choose the correct assessment protocols.

b. how to conduct initial sessions to develop therapeutic alliances.

c. how to manage their own emotions and use them therapeutically.

d. knowing when to terminate treatment.

10. Which of the following is an example of a competency-related difficulty that a clinician might experience?

a. A woman who has been seen regularly for outpatient treatment seeks help for her adolescent son who has just been arrested for underage drinking.

b. A clinician can't seem to like one of his clients, and has begun to dread his scheduled sessions.

c. A clinician who works in a hospice setting struggles with feelings of deep sad- ness.

d. All of the above

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11. Which of the following dimensions are especially important to the therapeutic relationships?

a. The emotional bonds that develop between the therapist and client.

b. The shared understanding of the task at hand.

c. Neither a nor b.

d. Both a and b.

12. The theorist and therapist who deserves the most credit for our understanding of the importance of the therapeutic alliance was

a. Sigmund Freud.

b. Carl Rogers.

c. Fritz Perls.

d. Erik Erikson.

13. Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the establishment of a flourishing therapeutic alliance?

a. the client and clinician sharing many personal similarities

b. a high amount of investment in the therapeutic effort by both parties

c. both parties being on the same wavelength

d. both parties caring for the well-being of one another

14. A similarity between Kohut's self-psychology practitioners and the object rela- tions therapists is that they both

a. remain relatively passive in the therapeutic relationship.

b. attempt to provide remedial nurturing and attachment experiences.

c. view therapy as a short-term endeavor.

d. all of the above

15. Relational Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

a. stresses the importance of early relationships.

b. borrows heavily from both psychoanalysis, ego-analysis, person-centered and humanistic approaches.

c. has achieved popularity in the United States in the past decade.

d. all of the above

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PSY 560 Clinical

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16. Which of the following approaches stress pragmatic goals, establishing a therapeutic alliance as quickly as possible, and focusing on a current crisis or problem?

a. Relational Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

b. Object Relations Psychotherapy

c. Ego Psychoanalytic Therapy

d. Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.

17. Which of the following is true about psychodynamic psychotherapy?

a. It is practiced by only 2 of clinicians.

b. Its foundations have been largely challenged and discredited.

c. It has failed to evolve to keep up with the demands of modern clinical prac- tice.

d. It is among the top three most popular approaches to therapy.

18. Humanistic approaches to psychotherapy emphasize -'

while psychodynamic therapies emphasize ,

a. conscious awareness; unconscious conflict

b. man's inherent goodness; man's tendency towards evil

c. childhood experiences; adult trauma

d. all of the above

19. Which of the following statements would NOT be supported by a humanistic therapist?

a. Humans are naturally good and able to make choices about their lives.

b. Humans are creative and will guide their own behavior towards their full po- tential.

c. The therapeutic relationship is not very important because growth towards potential is inevitable.

d. Clients are equal partners in the therapeutic endeavor.

20. Cognitions may include all but which of the following?

a. beliefs, causal explanations

b. schemas and self-statements

c. free-floating anxiety

d. problem-solving strategies

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

21. Organized knowledge structures that influence how we process information are called

a. cognitions.

b. schemas.

c. constellations of belief.

d. attributions.

22. What a psychodynamic therapist might call -' a cognitive

therapist would call _

a. unconscious material; automatic thoughts

b. repressed ideation; unconscious material

c. defensiveness; repressed urges

d. cognitions; schemas

23. Which of the following would NOT support the cognitive specificity hypoth- esis?

a. Persons who share certain disorders seem inclined to employ similar cognitive distortions.

b. Persons with depression often have a negative attributional style.

c. Persons prone to depression often interpret negative events as occurring be- cause of internal, global and stable factors.

d. normal and abnormal behavior is triggered by cognitive interpretation of events rather than by the events themselves.

24. According to Aaron Beck, depressed individuals show a characteristic pattern of negative perceptions about themselves, their world, and their future. He called this

a. a maladaptive schema.

b. the cognitive triad.

c. an underdeveloped ego.

d. all of the above.

25. Albert Ellis developed an influential pioneering cognitive therapy called

a. systematic desensitization.

b. rational-emotive behavior therapy.

c. symptom substitution.

d. cognitive-behavioral therapy.

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Written Assignment for UnitTwo

• Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number on each page of your written assignment (this is for your protection in case your materials become separated).

• Begin each written assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by the actual question itself (in bold type).

• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e. an introduction, middle paragraphs and conclusion).

• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using a

standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.

Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to written assignments. However, students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit written assignments that fall in the following ranges:

Undergraduate courses: 350 - 500 words or 1 - 2 pages. Graduate courses: 500 - 750 words or 2 - 3 pages. Doctoral courses: 750 - 1000 words or 4 - 5 pages.

Plagiarism

All work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer to the course Syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.

Please answer ONE of the following:

1. What are some reasons that projective personality tests are still used, even though their psychometric properties are fairly poor?

2. Identify the three conditions Carl Roger's considered essential to developing a therapeutic alliance. Discuss the relationship he posited between the therapeutic alliance and treatment.

3. What are some reasons why therapists might gravitate away from strict psychoanalytic approaches toward object relations or ego-analytic approaches?

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of community psychology?

a. help individuals adapt to and cope with their environment

b. to understand the broader causes of behavior problems

c. carry out primary prevention at the community level

d. all of the above are goals of community psychology

2. In community psychology, an ecological perspective refers to

a. understanding that alleviating individual problems requires changes in envi-

ronmental settings.

b. utilizing individual competencies to effect changes.

c. both a and b in conjunction.

d. neither a nor b.

3. The more current terminology for what in the past was referred to as "second- ary prevention" is

a. indicated prevention intervention.

b. universal mental health prevention.

c. selective mental health prevention.

d. psychotherapy.

4. The goal of prevention

a. has been fully integrated into the field of clinical psychology.

b. is no longer a goal of clinical psychology.

c. has been negated by the development of the field of positive psychology.

d. has been realized except in the field of pediatrics and health psychology.

5. The self-help movement

a. has flourished online, and as bibliotherapy

b. has been described as a "massive, systemic, and yet largely silent revolution:'

c. had its roots in such programs as Alcoholics Anonymous.

d. all of the above

6. clinicians recommend quality self-help materials to

their clients as a supplement to therapy.

a. A few

b. Rarely do

c. An overwhelming majority of

d. All

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

7. Clinicians and bookstore owners would be well advised to note that

a. all self-help books are likely to be helpful, if the purchaser believes they will be helpful (an indicator of the placebo effect.)

b. it is important to keep up with the recommendations of personalities such as Oprah and Dr. Phil, as these are the books that will best serve the clients or purchasers.

c. many self-help books are not written by experts, may contradict one another, and may not provide solid, helpful information.

d. if a book has been published by a major publishing house, it will be guaran- teed to be helpful.

8. The theorist who argued that the spontaneous remission rate for individuals who did not receive therapy was higher than the remission rates for those who did was

a. Carl Rogers.

b. Sigmund Freud.

c. Martin Seligman.

d. Hans Eysenck.

9. More recent research on general therapy outcomes that used methods other than Box Score Reviews indicates

a. clients who receive psychotherapy actually fare no better than those who do

not.

b. individuals who receive psychotherapy fare as well as those who do not.

e. most forms of psychotherapy produce better outcomes than no treatment.

d. specific types of therapy produced very different effectiveness levels with dif- ferent clients.

10. .studies combine and compare the results of many

studies.

a. Combined groups

b. Box Scores

c. Meta-analytic

d. Factor-analytic

11. The Consumer Reports study of client satisfaction indicated that

a. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received, but only if it was behaviorally oriented.

b. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received, but only if it was insight-oriented.

c. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received, no matter what type of therapy it was.

d. most clients are unsatisfied with the therapy they received.

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

12. One significant criticism of the Task force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures is that

a. the study was not comprehensive enough.

b. it used the terms empirically validated and empirically supported inter- changeably.

c. treatments determined to be efficacious in controlled settings, may not be ef- fective in clinical settings.

d. all of the above

13. Which of the following accounts for the least amount of variance in most psychotherapy-outcome research?

a. specific treatment techniques

b. client factors

c. therapist factors

d. all of the above account for equal amounts of variance

14. An assessment procedure where children are asked "Who do you like?" and "Who don't you like?" is called

a. a peer rating form.

b. a behavioral assessment.

c. peer sociometrics.

d. none of the above, this is never done because of concerns about confidential- ity.

15. The only consistent developmental data included in the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria are

a. clinically derived systems.

b. age of onset and course of the disorder.

c. comorbidityestimates.

d. using a special axis for child disorders.

16. (omorbidity

a. is the co-occurrence of two or more disorders.

b. often happens in adult populations.

c. tends to be the rule rather than the exception in child clinical populations.

d. all of the above

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PSY 560 Clinical Psychology

17. When a child is exhibits acting-out behavior such as aggression and delin- quency these behaviors are considered:

a. comorbid behaviors.

b. internalizing behaviors.

c. externalizing behaviors.

d. resilient behaviors.

18. When a child experiences depression, anxiety, somatic problems and other significant discomfort, these are indications of

a. comorbid behaviors.

b. internalizing behaviors.

c. externalizing behaviors.

d. resilient behaviors.

19. The core features of ADHD include

a. inattention.

b. impulsivity.

c. overactivity.

d. all of the above