ranspotation SCM

Assignment Description

Transportation has played a tremendous role in shaping the economy and social structure of the United States. Create a PowerPoint presentation that outlines what you consider to be the 10 most significant regulation and policy milestones in transportation history. Be sure to include the following:

· Title slide

· Description of each milestone

· Explanation of the significance that the event had on society at the time

· Description of how each milestone affects people today

· Bibliography

Note: Complete speaker notes of 200–250 words for each slide.

Air Plane

In 1925, the Airmail Act of 1925 authorized the Post Office to contract with private airlines to transport mail.

Aviation in the United States was unregulated until the Air Commerce Act became law in 1926. The Act created an Aeronautic Branch within the United States Department of Commerce with regulatory powers over civil aviation. Among the functions the Aeronautic Branch performed were pilot testing and licensing, issuing aircraft airworthiness certificates, establishing and enforcing safety regulations. The agency was also responsible for establishing airways and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation, in addition to investigating accidents and incidents.

In 1934, the Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce. In 1936 the Bureau took over air traffic control centers previously operated by commercial airlines, and began to expand the air traffic control system.

The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 was an act of the United States Congress, (signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower), that created the Federal Aviation Agency (later the Federal Aviation Administration or the FAA) and abolished its predecessor, the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA).The act empowered the FAA to oversee and regulate safety in the airline industry and the use of American airspace by both military aircraft and civilian aircraft.

The airmail act of 1925 opened up lines of communications between the contents. Families were able to reconnect with one another this originally started off as just letters from our service men coming back to their family. No we write and ship packages back and forth (Learning-to-fly.com, 2008-2014). The Air commerce Act of 1926 help insure the public’s safety by requiring piolets to become licenses and setting up a board to deal with testing procedures, licensing and certificates and enforcing safety regulations. The also set up airways and operated and maintain aids to assist in navigation in addition to investigating accidents incidents (Learning-to-fly.com, 2008-2014). In 1934 the Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce. In 1936 they took over air traffic control centers from commercial airlines and expanding the control system (Wright-Brothers.org, 2010). The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 the act empowered the FAA to oversee and regulate safety in the airline industry and the use of American airspace by both military aircraft and civilian aircraft (Learning-to-fly.com, 2008-2014). You can see all of the ways this implemented regulation assisted the people in its time period as well as our own. Ensuring the public welfare and safety with each progression by making regulation that require piolets operating airplanes to get the necessary training to get licensed as well as keep their aircraft certification current.

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1935 Flashing turn signals introduced

A Delaware company uses a thermal interrupter switch to create flashing turn signals. Electricity flowing through a wire expands it, completing a circuit and allowing current to reach the lightbulb. This short-circuits the wire, which then shrinks and terminates contact with the bulb but is then ready for another cycle. Transistor circuits begin taking over the task of thermal interrupters in the 1960s.

1960s Efforts begin to reduce harmful emissions

Automakers begin efforts to reduce harmful emissions, starting with the introduction of positive crankcase ventilation in 1963. PCV valves route gases back to the cylinders for further combustion. With the introduction of catalytic converters in the 1970s, hydrocarbon emissions are reduced 95 percent by the end of the century compared to emissions in 1967.

1992 Energy Policy Act of 1992 encourages alternative-fuel vehicles

Passage of the federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 encourages alternative- fuel vehicles. These include automobiles run with mixtures of alcohols and gasoline, with natural gas, or by some combination of conventional fuel and battery power.

A Delaware company uses a thermal interrupter switch to create flashing turn signals. Electricity flowing through a wire expands it, completing a circuit and allowing current to reach the light bulb. This short-circuits the wire, which then shrinks and terminates contact with the bulb but is then ready for another cycle. Transistor circuits begin taking over the task of thermal interrupters in the 1960s. Automakers begin efforts to reduce harmful emissions, starting with the introduction of positive crankcase ventilation in 1963. PCV valves route gases back to the cylinders for further combustion. With the introduction of catalytic converters in the 1970s, hydrocarbon emissions are reduced 95 percent by the end of the century compared to emissions in 1967. Passage of the federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 encourages alternative- fuel vehicles. These include automobiles run with mixtures of alcohols and gasoline, with natural gas, or by some combination of conventional fuel and battery power.

The development of turn signals helps in the reduction of car accidents both in that time period and today. I did not say eliminated because there still exists the factor of human error and accidents still occur due to broken and or at times even faulty turn signals. Requiring that they be a necessity in every car was a way in which to help and aid in protecting the greater common welfare. We all know about air pollution and the smog that too many motor vehicles on the road can cause. So 1963 was a great year when the automobile industry decided to target harmful emissions. This not only made the air quality a little better for them and even us. The Passage of the federal energy act of 1992 was a price saver. Gone is the gas guzzling cars of the past. Not only are the cars made today seeing better gas mileage but it’s cheaper on our pockets as well. Who wouldn’t want to save some money at the gas pump?

Sea

The Radio Act of 1912, which requires the radios of all passenger ships to be in operation 24 hours a day, and to have a secondary power supply, in order to prevent distress calls being missed. Ships were also told to maintain greater contact with nearby vessels. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) was established in 1914. It passes regulations that require ships to carry enough lifeboats for all those on board. The ship's owners installed sprinklers to all the ship's balconies and replaced plastic furniture with non-combustible alternatives. SOLAS regulations, introduced in 2010, prohibit the use of combustible materials in new cruise ships.

Regulations in 2011 banned ships from carrying heavy fuel oil in the Antarctic, in favor of more expensive marine gas oil, to protect the environment in the event of a fuel leak and effectively preventing larger ships from entering the region. Only ships carrying 100 or fewer passengers are allowed to disembark on to Antarctic territory. Since 2002, ocean-going cruise ships on international voyages have also had to carry voyage data recorders (similar to the black boxes carried by aircraft). Crew members attend frequent emergency drills, lifeboat equipment is regularly tested, and fire-detecting devices, systems and alarms are checked, and simulated fires are set. All of these regulations that have been passed help ensure the lives of passengers and cargo and ship hands alike. By having a radio to call out for aid in the event of tragedy that has a backup power supply in case the primary runs out it; in addition to this it ensures that one you can be pinged and located and reach out as well as be reached. Safety of life at sea or SOLAS helped provide a board to make and pass policies and regulations for ships. One of the first new regulation passed was SOLAS was the prevention of using combustible materials in new cruise ships. All of these regulations made it easier and better for us to relax and enjoy our voyages across the seas.

References greatachievements.org. (2009). greatachievements. Retrieved from .greatachievements.org: http://www.greatachievements.org/default.aspx?id=3880 Learning-to-fly.com. (2008-2014). Learn to Fly. Retrieved from Learning-to-fly.com: http://www.learning-to-fly.com/aviation-history-timeline.html Staff Writer. (2014, November 24). Travel. Retrieved from telegraph.co.uk: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/9017985/Cruise-ship-safety-timeline-of-disasters-and-safety-regulations.html TRforum. (2005). TRforum. Retrieved from TRforum.org: http://www.trforum.org/forum/viewabstract.php?id=29 Wright-Brothers.org. (2010). Wright-Brothers. Retrieved from Wright-brothers.org: www.wright-brothers.org