WK10 605

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TURNING POLICY INTO STRATEGY: CONTRASTING BUSH

& OBAMA

Ends = Objectives

Ways = How to Achieve Objectives

Means = Resources Applied

National Security Strategy

Why is it important?

How is it constructed?

Substance and content as a Guide for Action

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Grand Strategy

Organizes the Military, Diplomatic, Economic, and Informational (Including Psychological) Instruments of Power Toward a Single Goal.

Why Do You Need a National Security Strategy?

Clearly identify national interests, goals, and objectives (strategic vision) Coordinate all resources and instruments of power Coordinate the efforts of all agencies/ministries Develop an interagency consensus Provide clear guidance for a supporting national military strategy Facilitate public debate and accountability in a Democracy Coordinate with allies and warn enemies The law requires it

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Diplomacy Military Strategy

Economic Strategy

ECONOMIC POWER

POLITICAL POWER

MILITARY POWER

Strategic

Operational

Tactical Information Revolution

The National Security Strategy

of the

United States of America

March 2002

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The Bush NSS I. Overview

II. Promote democracy and human rights

III. Strengthen alliances to defeat Global Terrorism

IV. Work with others to Defuse Regional Conflicts

V. Prevent threats from WMD

VI. Ignite a new Era of Global Trade

VII. Expand the Infrastructure of Democracy

VIII. Cooperative action with other centers of global power

IX. Transform national security institutions

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THE BUSH DOCTRINE

Global Transformation

Primacy

Preemption

Unilateralism

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THE OBAMA 2010 NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

• A Strategy for Responding to Security Challenges in an Era of Financial Distress at Home & a Reordering of Political Power Abroad

• “At no time in history has a nation of diminished economic vitality maintained its military & political primacy”. President Obama Speaking at West Point

2010 NSS: THE EMERGING OBAMA DOCTRINE

• Strength & Influence Abroad Begins With the Steps We Take at Home

• Military Power Must be Complemented With Extensive & Comprehensive Diplomatic Engagement

• Burdens Cannot Fall on American Shoulders Alone; Multilateralism is Essential. America Has Not Succeeded by Stepping Outside the Currents of International Cooperation

• Counter-terrorism Cannot Define America’s Engagement • Cannot Force Our Values on Others: Forceful Endorsement of

the EXEMPLARY Model of American Exceptionalism

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THREATS IDENTIFIED IN THE NSS

• Weapons of Mass Destruction • Violent Extremism • Cyber Attacks • Energy Dependency • Climate Change • Pandemics • Failed States • Global Criminal Networks

NATIONAL INTERESTS IN THE NSS

• Security for U. S. & Its Allies (POWER) • Innovative & Growing Economy

(PROSPERITY) • Respect for Universal Values (PRINCIPLES) • An International Order that Promotes Peace,

Security, & Opportunity (PEACE)

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SECURITY

• Resilience at Home

• Defeat al Qaeda & Affiliates

• Reverse Spread of WMD

• Advance Peace in the Middle East

• Invest in Capable Partners

• Secure Cyber Space

PROSPERITY

• Strengthen Education & Human Capital

• Advance Science & Innovation

• Achieve Sustainable Growth

• Democracy by Example

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VALUES

• Strengthen Power of Our Example

• Promote Democracy & Human Rights Abroad

• Promote Dignity by Meeting Basic Needs

INTERNATIONAL ORDER (PEACE)

• Ensure Strong Alliances

• Build Cooperation with Other Centers of Influence

• Strengthen Institutions & Mechanisms for Cooperation

• Sustain Broad Cooperation on Key Global Challenges

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THE BUSH VS OBAMA DOCTRINES

BUSH:

• Military Primacy

• Unilateralism

• Global Transformation/Democracy/ Missionary Model

• Preemption

OBAMA:

• Power & Diplomacy

• Multilateralism

• Domestic Emphasis & Exemplary Model

• Force a Last Resort; Preemption of non-State Actors

AMERICA NEEDS A TOUGH

DEFENSE DOLLAR

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Balancing the National Interest