i want to paraphrase these papers. urgent its due 12 hours

Evaluation of Long-Term Structural Shading for Use in Djibouti, Africa (harsh environments):

There is an American military base that is located in Djibouti where housing is basically containerized (in containers). The goal of this project was basically to provide a super CLU-S for the containers living units. Those tents are supposed to protect the containers from the harsh environment factors like the sunlight, high temperatures, and wind. To achieve this, several samples of fabrics for manufacturing tents were obtained and tested in conditions that are very similar to those in Djibouti.

Goals of the Project:

There are mainly two goals for this project, which are for the tents to be durable and have high performance at the same time. The following table shows the sub goals of each of the main goals of the project:

Durability	Performance
Strength	Heat transmissivity
Wind resistance	Breathability
Abrasion resistance
Thermal resistance

Testing the Fabric Materials:

There were 16 different samples from different manufacturers (the navy manufactured one of those). The fabric samples were tested in similar conditions to those in Djibouti where the base is located. The wind test was performed with wind speeds of 60 Mph and under an average temperature of 85 °F. This section analyzes the performed tests:

· Strength Test:

A tensile test was performed in order to know how well the fabric lasts in a tension situation. This test was performed to know if the fabric will develop any tears. Also, the fabric should yield when loaded and not develop any tears or deform plastically. The tensile test was performed according to an ASTM standard.

Note that the fabric is woven in a form of wrap and woof. The results of the test varied from sample to sample and the samples strength varied from 1.5 ksi to 7 ksi.

· Wind Testing:

This test took place in a wind tunnel where the samples were exposed and tested under a wind speed of 60 Mph and above. This speed simulates what the tents will be exposed to in the field. The wind test was followed by a tensile test to see the effect of wind on the strength of the fabric and how much degradation in strength that is caused by wind. Note that the maximum wind speed that test were performed at was 70 Mph for 45 minutes.

The strength test results were almost the same in all of the samples as before the wind test. This test was performed to look at the lifetime effect as much as possible.

· Abrasion Testing:

Abrasion can be defined as the process of scraping or wearing away. The fabric samples were sandblasted for 30 seconds to see the effect on the life and strength of the materials

· Thermal Testing:

It is known that temperature can degrade the materials performance and strength. For that a thermal test was developed for this very purpose to know the effect of heat on tents samples. The test settings included two plates on top and bottom of the fabric sample that are heated to a temperature of 85 °F. The samples were held between the plates for 45 days. Note that the plates gave uniform temperature distribution.

The heat that each sample was exposed to can be calculated using the following equation:

Where q is the heat added to the tested sample, h is the enthalpy, A is the area of fabric exposed to the surfaces of the heating tool.

The results carried out by this test showed some degradation in the strength of the samples except the navy one, which showed better strength after the test.

Conclusion:

A variable factor in the test that wasn’t included in determining the best fabric material for harsh environments was the cost. This factor wasn’t included because it can’t be accurately determined. Note that the best performance sample with lowest price was sample G.