add one more fallacy i need it after 5 hours

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Emotionally Loaded Language

This fallacy arises when one uses the terms that shows more about ones feelings on the issues other than the rational basis from which those feelings are derived or when one uses emotions to alter the belief or behavior of others. Emotionally loaded language uses terms to evoke emotional response towards a particular product rather than explaining the reasoning for using or purchasing the product (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009). This fallacy manipulates emotions in order to get ones attention away from an important issue. An emotional appeal is directed to divert the audience emotions and often uses the appeal of prejudice rather than offer a good assessment of a situation (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009).

In the advertisement words positive connotation also known as glittering word such as glamour, intrigue and power have been used. The audience associates the words glamour, intrigue, power and sex with an internationally known icon, playboy Bunny (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009). The fallacy is in the inference. By purchasing the key to the play boy club lifestyle and one can own powerful sexuality. Ones reasoning contain the fallacy of appeal to emotions when ads appeal one to purchase the product merely because the appeal arouses ones feelings of sexuality.

Sexuality is a strong emotion. Sexual connection is instinctive, immediate and appeals to everyone. A person doesn’t usually apply critical thinking to sexual impulses, so this type of advertisement pays off quickly.

Appeal to ignorance

 This fallacy argues on the basis of what is not known and cannot be proven. It holds the belief that if one cannot prove that something is false then it must be true and vice versa.

 Appeal to ignorance occurs when one believes something to be true that is not, because one has no knowledge about the subject to prove otherwise. For instance, an argument that is based on stereotype (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009).

The cigarette advertisement asks the audience to accept the truth of the claim that pleasure tastes great in red because there no proof that the contrary exists. In this case, there is no reason for holding to this belief but one is asked to accept the statement as true because it cannot be proven false. The assumption that pleasure tastes great in red is an error in reasoning. The audience is made to assume that pleasure does not taste great in blue, yellow or green. This advert is simply illogical rhetoric that also uses an appeal to emotional language. The meaning associated with the word pleasure is universally positive.

Inconsistency

A fallacy is inconsistent if it contains two assertions either implicit or explicit, which are logically incompatible with each other. Inconsistency may occur between words or actions. The fallacy occurs when one accepts an inconsistent set of claims, that is, when one accept a claim that logically conflicts with other claims one hold.

The phrases full of flavor and full of pleasure are logically inconsistent statements. The statements are used in ignorance, so that the audience does not realize they are being inconsistent. They have also been used within an emotive context to make the audience loose all sense of logic and therefore appealed to use the product. Another possibility is a intentional use of these inconsistent statements to confuse the audience and hence divert them from their real sense.

Appeal to humor

This refers logical fallacy of appeal where, normally sarcasm or ridicule is used to divert ones attention away from the discussion or trying to make the other side appear foolish. It is an attempt to make one lose the issue through laughter. This fallacy either fails to make a serious point or reduces another’s claim to its absurd level. It involves using humor to entertain rather than educate or enlighten.

Today’s advertisements have a great influence in one’s life because they inform and guide many important decisions that one makes. Businesses incur huge costs every year to create humorous advertisements because it is believed that humor is the most effective means to attract attention in advertisements. The current advertising climate requires companies to get their message across with a single image. Humorous advertisements are one of the most effective ways to get a product noticed in a very competitive market.

The fallacy in this advertisement is absurdity. The fact that it is not possible, however the audiences are receptive to humor and this ads work. Since Pepsi is a well known product, the off color humor is less likely to offend and may actually become the subject of the talk which will make it sell quickly.

References

Frans van E., Bart G., and Bert M. (2009). Fallacies and Judgments of Reasonableness: Empirical Research Concerning the Pragma-Dialectical Discussion. Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-2613-2.