phd doctorate only

AlRabah1

Rashed AlRabah

Susana Marcelo

English 113A

19 November, 2014

AlRabah4

Nicaraguan Civil War

Proposal

This paper seeks to explain the Nicaraguan civil war of 1926-192/ or Constitutionalist War, the causes of the war and consequential effects that ensued to the residents and victims of this fight.

The paper contends that constitutionalism and weak legal framework were the major causes among many others of the war. The war ended, when American Marines stopped fighting against Liberals and Henry L. Stimson called for negations between the two fighting parts. The negotiations took place at Tipitapa. At the end of negotiation a Peace agreement was signed and the conflicts ended.

Introduction

The Nicaraguan civil war of 1926-192/ or Constitutionalist War, is a war that broke out as a result of coup d'état by Emiliano Chamorro who was a member of the Conservative party. He removed Nicaragua’s democratically-elected government and as a result a rebellion from Liberal Party started. The war ended when the military from States intervened in between. Despite the fact the war came to an end after US military intervention Augusto Cesar Sandino refused to give up against to the Nicaraguan govern as well as to the American Marines up to 1933 when the war official ended (Miranda, 1992)

Background

Nicaragua was under

Nicaragua had been occupied by one hundred American Marines since the former country's civil war of 1912. During the elections of 1924, a coalition government was formed with Carlos Solórzano being the President and Liberal Dr. Juan B. Sacasa being the Vice President. After the formation of the coalition government, United States withdrew its military from the country thinking that the country was safe. Soon, after their withdraw from the country, the former President of Nicaraguan Emiliano Chamoro launched a coup detat against the coalition government. The war that broke during this time made the President and his Vice to flee the country. He additionally removed all Liberals from the Nicaraguan;s congress ( Peceny, 2001)

War breaks out

This situation resulted into war on 1926, May 26th, when Liberal exile landed at the bluefields. This resulted into a rebellion from the east coast of Nicaragua. The rebellion forces wore redbands to signify the war as the conservatives wore blue hatbands. Nevertheless, many soldiers carried with them both colors to safe themselves just in case their enemies overpowered them. Jose Maria Moncada was the principal commander of the Liberals who fought hard to make Dr Sacasa go to exile. The other chief commander was Anastasio Somoza Garcia who led his troop towards the southwestern parts of Nicaragua. When the American troops were sent to bring down the war, they first established neutral zones from which they could start operating. The first concentrated on the left wing from which Mexico was supplying the rebels with military arms in order to cut them down (Miranda, 1992)

After the struggles with the rebellions, Chamoro resiagned as the president of Nicaraguana in 1926 making Dr. Sacasa to return to the country in order to take over. Liberal forces fought westwards and they managed to defeat the Conservatives forces. At the same time the troop of the Liberals that was led by Francisco Parajon struck the city of Chinandega resulting in a destructive war. This battle continued for three days from 6th to 9th February of 1927 and over 500 conservative defenders were attacked by the troop of the Liberals that was made of between 600 to 2000 defenders. During the war many parts of the city were set on fire. When the American military intervened they drove the rebels from the city from the bitter house-to-house war.

On the other side as the Liberals advanced towards Managua, U.S found itself on the verge of the battle war. Nevertheless, U.S could not afford to let the Mexican-backed regime rise to power within this region. The Liberals were also fighting hard against American troops so as to ensure that the defeated the conservatives (Peceny, 2001)

The war ended, when American Marines stopped fighting against Liberals and Henry L. Stimson called for negations between the two fighting parts. The negotiations took place at Tipitapa. At the end of negotiation a Peace agreement was signed and the conflicts ended.

References

Miranda, R., & Ratliff, W. E. (1992). The civil war in Nicaragua: inside the Sandinistas.

Transaction Publishers.

Peceny, M., & Stanley, W. (2001). Liberal social reconstruction and the resolution of civil wars

in Central America. International Organization, 55(01), 149-182.

Anderson, Thomas P. Politics in Central America: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. New York: Praeger, 1988

Blachman, Morris J. ,WilliamLeoGrande, and Kenneth E. Sharpe (Eds.). Confronting Revolution: Security Through Diplomacy in Central America. New York: Pantheon, 1986.