SPSS Lab report 2

Profile of Mood States Scores Before and After an Acute Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise Bout.

Introduction

The Profile of Moods States (POMS) was initially created by Morgan in an attempt to predict athletic success (Weinberg and Gould, 1993). The POMS consists of six subscales, five of them are negative subscales (tension, confusion, fatigue, anger, and depression) and one is positive (vigor). Morgan noticed that an iceberg profile is created when all of the negative traits are low and the positive trait is high (Morgan, 1979b). The POMS has now been used as a measurement technique for examining the effects exercise has on moods. It has been documented in psychological literature that acute and chronic benefits can arise from exercise (Berger et al, 2007). However, much of the literature has only looked at aerobic exercise as the mode of exercise. Interest is now in determining if both aerobic and anaerobic exercise will illicit the same mood responses. The aim of the present study is to determine if an acute anaerobic exercise bout will produce the same mood scores as an acute aerobic exercise bout.

Research Hypothesis: Aerobic exercise will have a significantly better POMS scores than anaerobic exercise.

Null Hypothesis: There will be no difference in POMS scores between an acute anaerobic exercise bout and aerobic exercise bout.

Method

Participants. Twenty four students in a Kinesiology 260 classroom participated in this study. Each student was randomly assigned to one of two exercise groups. Students that didn’t have a two in their university account were instructed to do aerobic exercise and students that had a two in their university account were instructed to do anaerobic exercise. (Mean and std dev of age to be reported) How many males and how many females?

Apparatus. Each student was instructed to complete a shortened version of the POMS (Shacham, 1983) consisting of 37 questions. Aerobic exercise was defined as doing the elliptical, treadmill, walking, running or cycling. Depending on what the student decided to use as aerobic exercise, multiple types of instruments may have been used in the aerobic group. Similarly, the anaerobic exercise was defined as doing anything in the university’s weight room and therefore also will have multiple instruments used in the anaerobic group.

Procedure: Each student was randomly selected to one of two groups. Aerobic and anaerobic groups consisted of eleven and thirteen participants respectively. Each member of both groups was instructed to complete the POMS prior to working out. After completing the POMS each student was to exercise for about twenty minutes in their respective group. Upon completing the twenty minute exercise bout, each student was to complete the POMS again for a post-exercise score. Each student was to hand the scores in to the classroom professors so all scores could be posted for statistical analysis

Results

Provide a means and std dev table

Statistical analyses were run on SPSS software. An independent t-test analysis was run between the change scores for the six POMS score and the TGMDS score. A change score was computed by subtracting the pre test POMS scores from the post test POMS scores. The statistical results for the change scores are as follows: (No statistically significant difference was found) TGMDS (mean = ?, std dev = ?) t(22)= 1.546, p=.136, depression t(22)= .085, p=.933, confusion t(22)= .340, p=.737, tension t(22)= -.175, p=.863, vigor t(22)= -1.149, p=.263, anger t(22)= .541, p=.594, and fatigue t(14.097)= 1.097, p=.291. Figures I and II illustrate the mean aerobic and anaerobic scores for the six scales of the POMS and the mean aerobic and anaerobic score for the TGMDS respectively.

Figure I: Comparison of Mean Anaerobic and Aerobic Profile

of Mood States Change Scores for Kinesiology 260 Students

-3.00-2.00-1.000.001.002.003.004.005.00

Depress_change

Confus_change

Tension_change

vigor_change

Anger_change

Fatigue_change

Mean Anaerobic

Change Scores

Mean Aerobic

Change Scores

Figure II: Comparison of Mean Anaerobic and Aerobic

TGMDS Change Scores in Kinesiology 260 Students.

-16.00-14.00-12.00-10.00-8.00-6.00-4.00-2.000.00

Mean Aerobic

Change Scores

Mean Anaerobic

Change Scores

TGMDS_chang

e

Discussion

Interestingly, the results support the null hypothesis. No statistically significant difference was found between the aerobic and anaerobic group. Because no statistical test was run to determine if there was difference between pre and post exercise, no results are available. A dependent t-test should be used to determine if there is difference between pre and post scores. Literature suggests that exercise will illicit better mood scores after an acute exercise bout (Weinberg and Gould, 2003). Since motivation is an issue with exerciser adherence, prescribing an appropriate program that will increase exercise adherence is crucial (Weinberg and Gould, 2003). If it is suggested that the mode of exercise does not matter for improving mood scores, a trainer should pick the mode of exercise his/her client is most interested in to improve exercise adherence. Provide some reasoning why we may not have observed that in this lab? Are there any criticisms to this lab? Sources of error/limitations? Limitations…considerations…implications…

References

Berger, B.G., Pargman, D., & Weinberg, R.S. (2007, 2nd Ed.). Foundations of Exercise Psychology. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc

Weinberg, R. and Gould, D. (2003, 3rd Ed.).Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, Il.