Geography due in 6 days

Labour markets Labour force activity 11 Participation rates 11 Employment insurance 11 Employment by industry 14 Weekly earnings 14 Wage settlements 14

Economy Gross domestic product 15 Labour income 15 Consumer Price Index 16 Retail trade 16 Motor vehicle sales 16 Profits of enterprises 17 Manufacturing industries 17 Capacity utilization rates 17 Motor vehicle production 18 Capital spending 18 Construction 18 Agriculture 19 Farm revenues and expenses 19 Oil and gas 19 Transportation and

telecommunications 20 Airline passengers 20

Travel International travel balances 21 Overnight travel 21

Finance International transactions

in securities 21 Federal government finance 22 Interest rates 22

Foreign trade International trade in goods 23 Major trading partners 23 Current account balances 24 Exchange rates 24 Canada's investment position

with the rest of the world 24

Demography Population, Canada and

provinces/territories 1 Population of major

metropolitan areas 1 Marital status 1 Population by age group 2 Ethnic origin 2 Mother tongue 2 Families 3 Family size 3 Religious affiliation 3 Immigrant arrivals 4 Urban vs. rural population 4 Immigrant population 4

Education Institutions, enrolments

and teachers 5 Educational attainment 5 University degrees 5

Health Life expectancy 6 Infant mortality 6 Vital statistics 6 Selected causes of death 7

Justice Law enforcement 7 Crime rate 7

Housing Housing starts 8 Tenure 8 Household facilities 9 Principal heating fuel 9 Housing prices 9

Income Average income 10 Persons with low income 10 Trusteed pension funds 10

International comparisons 12-13

CONTENTS

11

Marital status, 1999 (population 15 years and over)

Number %

Single (never married) 7,114,681 29.0 Married* 14,535,881 59.2 Divorced 1,417,136 5.8 Widowed 1,506,231 6.1

Total (15 years and over) 24,573,929 100.0

* Includes persons legally married, legally married and separated and persons living in common-law unions.

Population, Canada and provinces/territories

July 1, 1998 July 1, 1999 % change

Newfoundland 545,418 541,000 -0.8 Prince Edward Island 137,028 137,980 0.7 Nova Scotia 936,089 939,791 0.4 New Brunswick 753,454 754,969 0.2 Quebec 7,322,995 7,345,390 0.3 Ontario 11,384,379 11,513,808 1.1 Manitoba 1,138,035 1,143,509 0.5 Saskatchewan 1,025,203 1,027,780 0.3 Alberta 2,906,870 2,964,689 2.0 British Columbia 3,998,325 4,023,100 0.6 Yukon 31,591 30,633 -3.0 Northwest Territories 41,075 41,606 1.3 Nunavut 26,429 27,039 2.3

Canada 30,246,891 30,491,294 0.8

Population of major census metropolitan areas

1998 1999 % change

Toronto 4,585,978 4,680,250 2.1 Montreal 3,423,536 3,438,532 0.4 Vancouver 1,999,168 2,016,643 0.9 Ottawa-Hull 1,055,884 1,065,021 0.9 Calgary 903,351 933,748 3.4 Edmonton 914,233 929,145 1.6 Québec 686,634 688,085 0.2 Winnipeg 678,141 677,625 -0.1 Hamilton 657,603 665,169 1.2 London 415,891 418,660 0.7

22

Population by age group1

July 1, 1998 July 1, 1999 % change

0-14 years 5,957,336 5,917,365 -0.7 15-24 4,084,463 4,121,648 0.9 25-44 9,759,081 9,722,165 -0.4 45-64 6,716,292 6,939,496 3.3 65+ 3,729,719 3,790,620 1.6

Total 30,246,891 30,491,294 0.8

1 Estimates for 1998 and 1999 are updated postcensal estimates.

Mother tongue, 1996 Census

Number %

Total population1 28,528,125 100.0 Single responses 28,125,560 98.6

English 16,890,615 59.2 French 6,636,660 23.3 Chinese 715,640 2.5 Italian 484,500 1.7 German 450,140 1.6 Polish 213,410 0.7 Spanish 212,890 0.7 Portuguese 211,290 0.7 Punjabi 201,785 0.7 Ukrainian 162,695 0.6 Arabic 148,555 0.5 Dutch 133,805 0.5 Other 1,663,580 5.8

Multiple responses 402,560 1.4 1 Does not include institutional residents.

Ethnic origins, 1996 Census

33

Families in private households with and without children at home, census

Number of families

1991 1996 % change

Husband–wife families 6,402,090 6,700,355 4.7 with children at home 3,830,265 3,970,580 3.7 without children at home 2,571,825 2,729,775 6.1

Married couple families 5,682,815 5,779,720 1.7 with children at home 3,534,740 3,535,630 0.0 without children at home 2,148,070 2,244,085 4.5

Common-law families 719,275 920,635 28.0 with children at home 295,525 434,950 47.2 without children at home 423,750 485,690 14.6

Lone-parent families 953,640 1,137,505 19.3 Male 165,240 192,275 16.4 Female 788,395 945,235 19.9

Total families 7,355,725 7,837,865 6.6

Religious affiliation in Canada, census

1951 1971 1991

%

Catholic 44.7 47.3 45.7 Roman Catholic 43.3 46.2 45.2 Ukrainian Catholic 1.4 1.1 0.5

Protestant 50.9 44.4 36.2 United Church 20.5 17.5 11.5 Anglican 14.7 11.8 8.1 Presbyterian 5.6 4.0 2.4 Lutheran 3.2 3.3 2.4 Baptist 3.7 3.1 2.5 Pentecostal 0.7 1.0 1.6 Other Protestant 2.5 3.7 7.9

Eastern Orthodox 1.2 1.5 1.4 Jewish 1.5 1.3 1.2 No religion 0.4 4.3 12.5 Other 1.4 1.2 2.9

Family size (census) Over the last 25 years, average family size declined from 3.7 persons in 1971 to 3.1 persons in 1996. Decreases in family size were attributed to declining fertility rates and increasing numbers of lone-parent families.

44

Urban vs. rural population

1931 1961 1996

% of population

Urban 54 70 78 Rural: farm 31 11 3 Rural: non-farm 15 19 19

Immigrant arrivals

Immigrant population as a percentage of total population, census

Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada.

55

Institutions, enrolments and teachers

1996-97 1997-98 1998-99

Institutions Elementary–secondary 16,111 16,132 16,215 Community colleges 206 203 199 Universities 77 76 76

Full-time enrolment Elementary–secondary 5,433,060 5,459,450 5,496,976 Community college 395,326 396,667 397,725 University 573,635 573,099 578,624

Full-time teachers Elementary–secondary 294,431 296,901 .. Community college 24,366 24,488 .. University 34,613 33,702 33,365

.. not available.

University degrees granted

1995 1996 1997

Bachelor’s and first professional degrees

Males 53,551 53,043 51,046 Females 73,780 74,946 72,978 Total 127,331 127,989 124,024

Master’s degrees Males 10,595 10,578 10,303 Females 10,761 10,980 10,655 Total 21,356 21,558 20,958

Earned doctorates Males 2,551 2,593 2,519 Females 1,165 1,335 1,395 Total 3,716 3,928 3,914

Educational attainment, 1999 (population age 15+)

Males Females Total

Number 11,768,300 12,200,800 23,969,000

Education % 0–8 years 10.6 11.4 11.0 Some secondary 18.8 18.0 18.4 Graduated from high school 18.3 20.1 19.3 Some postsecondary 8.8 9.1 8.9 Postsecondary certificate or diploma 27.7 27.6 27.7 University degree 15.8 13.8 14.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

66

Life expectancy (years)

1931 1961 1991 1997 p

Females At birth 62.1 74.3 80.9 81.4 20 years 49.8 56.7 61.7 62.1 40 years 33.0 37.5 42.2 42.5 60 years 17.2 19.9 24.0 24.2 80 years 5.9 7.0 9.4 9.4

Males At birth 60.0 68.4 74.6 75.8 20 years 49.1 51.5 55.6 56.7 40 years 32.0 33.0 36.8 37.7 60 years 16.3 16.8 19.4 20.0 80 years 5.6 6.2 7.3 7.3

p Preliminary data.

Vital statistics

1996 1997 % change

Live births1 366,200 348,598 -4.8 Male 188,145 178,974 -4.9 Female 177,930 169,624 -4.7

Deaths 212,880 215,669 1.3 Male 111,404 111,985 0.5 Female 101,476 103,684 2.2

Marriages 156,691 153,306 -2.2 Divorces 71,528 67,408 -5.8

1 1996 data include 125 live births of sex unknown.

Infant mortality

77

Selected causes of death, 1997

Number % Rate 1

Cancer 58,703 27.2 181.5 Diseases of heart 57,417 26.6 173.0 Cerebrovascular diseases 16,051 7.4 47.8 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 9,618 4.5 29.0 Unintentional injuries 8,626 4.0 27.6 Pneumonia and influenza 8,032 3.7 23.7 Diabetes 5,699 2.6 17.4 Suicide 3,681 1.7 12.0

Total deaths 215,669 100.0 658.7

1 Age-standardized mortality rates expressed as a number of deaths per 100,000 population.

Law enforcement

1994 1999 % change

Total Criminal Code offences 2,646,209 2,357,771 -10.9 Property crimes 1,524,519 1,300,650 -14.7 Crimes of violence 303,745 291,330 -4.1 Other crimes 817,945 765,791 -6.4 Selected offences Homicide 590 536 -9.2 Assault 222,300 221,281 -0.5 Sexual assault 31,706 23,872 -24.7 Robbery 29,010 28,745 -0.9 Break and enter 387,867 318,448 -17.9 Motor vehicle theft 159,469 161,405 1.2 Fraud 103,243 90,568 -12.3 Drugs 60,153 79,871 32.8

Crime rate for Canada

88

Housing starts

1997 1998 1999

All areas 147,040 137,439 149,968 Annual % change 17.9 -6.5 9.1

Urban centres Single-detached 72,680 68,315 72,819 Semi-detached 10,223 9,291 10,401 Row 16,007 14,613 14,093 Apartment and other 24,311 24,574 29,790 Total 123,221 116,793 127,103

Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.

Tenure of housing

1988 1 1997 1998

Total households 9,833,000 11,497,760 11,690,030

Tenure %

Owned 61.2 64.1 64.7 With mortgage 30.7 33.4 34.3 Without mortgage 30.5 30.8 30.4

Rented 38.8 35.9 35.3

Dwelling type Single detached 56.1 56.6 56.8 Single attached 8.4 9.7 10.6 Apartment 33.3 31.5 30.5 Other2 2.2 2.2 2.1

1 1988 data exclude the Yukon and the Northwest Territories. 2 In 1988, this category was “mobile home”.

Housing starts in Canada

Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.

99

Household facilities

1988 1 1997 1998

% of households

Automobile 77.9 66.8 65.3 Truck and van 24.1 30.8 31.9 Telephone 98.4 98.3 98.2 Cellular telephone … 21.6 26.1 Colour television 95.0 98.6 98.8 Cablevision 68.9 75.0 73.2 Video cassette recorder 51.7 87.3 88.1 Refrigerator 99.6 99.8 99.8 Microwave oven 53.3 88.2 88.7 Dishwasher 40.6 48.9 51.1 Air conditioner 20.7 32.1 33.1 Compact disc player 8.0 64.6 66.5 Home computer 12.5 39.8 45.1 Internet … 17.2 24.8

1 1988 data exclude the Yukon and the Northwest Territories; ... not appropriate or not applicable.

Principal heating fuel

1988 1 1997 1998

% of households

Gas (piped) 44.4 47.1 47.6 Electricity 32.2 34.0 33.4 Oil or other liquid fuel 18.1 12.5 13.4 Wood 4.3 5.1 4.7

Total 99.0 98.7 99.1

1 1988 data exclude the Yukon and the Northwest Territories.

Canada’s New Housing Price Index

1010

Average income after tax (in 1998 constant dollars)

1993 1998 % change

Economic families 45,728 49,626 8.5 Elderly families, head 65 years

of age and over 37,452 36,051 -3.7 Married couples only 34,655 34,846 0.6 All other elderly families 43,938 40,415 -8.0

Non-elderly families 47,177 51,776 9.7 Married couples only 45,252 49,769 10.0 Two-parent families with children 50,650 55,074 8.7 Married couples with other relatives 64,237 69,130 7.6 Lone-parent families 23,559 26,279 11.5 All other families 38,360 47,232 23.1

Unattached individuals 20,570 21,067 2.4 Elderly male 19,621 22,299 13.6 Elderly female 16,533 18,095 9.4 Non-elderly male 22,846 23,429 2.6 Non-elderly female 20,247 19,464 -3.9

Persons with low income after tax

1993 1998

Estimated Incidence Estimated Incidence number of low number of low

income income

’000 % ’000 % Economic families

Persons under 18 years 1,106 15.9 989 14.1 Persons 18 to 64 years 1,389 8.9 1,318 8.1 Elderly 65 years and over 71 3.3 74 3.0

All persons 3,744 13.1 3,669 12.2

Assets held in trusteed pension funds at market value

1111

Labour force activity (annual averages)

1994 1999 % change

’000

Labour force 14,627 15,721 7.5 Males 8,052 8,534 6.0 Females 6,574 7,187 9.3

Employed 13,112 14,531 10.8 Males 7,178 7,866 9.6 Females 5,934 6,665 12.3

Unemployed 1,515 1,190 -21.4 Males 875 668 -23.6 Females 640 522 -18.5

Unemployment rate (%) 10.4 7.6 … Males 10.9 7.8 … Females 9.7 7.3 …

... not appropriate or not applicable.

Employment insurance

1998 1999 % change

Average number of persons covered (’000) 13,405 13,738 2.5

Beneficiaries (’000) 739 692 -6.4 Regular (’000) 553 510 -7.8

Claims received (’000) 2,842 2,624 -7.7 Weeks paid (’000) 39,102 36,789 -5.9 Average weekly payment ($) 258.60 263.69 2.0 Total amount paid ($ millions) 11,668 11,830 1.4

Labour force participation rates

1312 1313

Canada United France Italy United Ger- Japan Mexico States King- many

Unit dom

Area sq. km (’000) 9,985 h 9,372 549 301 245 357 378 1,996

Population (1998) (’000) 30,300 269,092 58,845 56,979 59,237 82,024 126,486 95,675 Growth rate 1997/98 (%) 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.3 2.3 Density persons per sq. km 3 29 107 189 242 230 335 48

Vital statistics (1997) Infant mortality % of life births 0.6 a 0.8 0.5 0.6 c 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.6 Life expectancy at birth: males 75.8 73.6 a 74.6 74.9 a 74.3 a 74.1 77.2 70.4

at birth: females 81.4 79.4 82.3 81.3 a 79.5 a 80.3 83.8 76.7

Gross Domestic Product (1999) $US billion 624.0 9,980.4 1,434.0 1,162.0 1,422.9 2,108.9 4,380.1 475.1 GDP per capita * $US 25,900 33,900 21,900 21,800 22,300 23,600 24,500 8,100 Average annual growth over ten years 1989-99 (%) 2.1 4.1 d 1.6 1.3 1.9 0.6e 1.7 3.3

Sectoral contributions (1998) Agriculture % of GDP 2.9 a 1.7 b 3.2 3.1 1.3 1.3 1.7 b 5.3 Industry % of GDP 33.0 26.1 c 26.1 30.4 28.8 32.1 37.2 b 29.2 Services % of GDP 64.0 72.2 c 70.8 66.5 69.9 66.6 61.1 b 65.6

Consumer Price Index December 1998-99 (% change), 1995=100 2.6 2.7 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.2 -1.1 12.3

Labour markets (1998) Labour force (’000) 15,692 138,897 25,869 23,549 28,944 39,804 67,690 38,244 Total civilian employment (’000) 14,326 131,463 22,382 20,157 27,009 35,715 64,900 37,137 Unemployment ratef (%) 8.3 4.5 11.8 12.2 6.3 9.3 4.1 2.9 Female participation rateg (%) 69.4 71.3 60.2 45.0 67.2 63.1 63.9 42.8

Energy (1998) Total consumption tonnes of oil equivalent (millions) 182.54 1,429.66 160.86 128.89 158.97 243.19 336.54 97.47 Total production tonnes of oil equivalent (millions) 365.67 1,695.43 125.53 29.05 274.23 131.46 109.96 228.19

Health and education Expenditure on health (1997) % of GDP 9.1 13.9 9.6 7.6 6.9 10.7 7.2 4.7 Expenditure on public education (1998) % of GDP 6.5 6.9 6.3 4.8 .. 5.7 4.8 5.5

International merchandise trade (1998) Imports (c.i.f.: cost, insurance, freight) $US billion 201.4 944.4 286.0 215.6 320.3 471.6 280.6 125.3 Exports (f.o.b.: free on board) $US billion 214.6 680.4 300.5 242.1 273.4 543.8 388.1 117.3

Currency (exchange rate) per US $, December 1999 1.473 1.000 6.482 1,914 0.620 1.933 102.6 9.412

Notes: * at purchasing power parity exchange rates; .. not available; a. 1996; b. 1997; c. 1995; d. 1995-1999; e. 1991-1999; f. national definitions; g. defined as female labour force of all ages divided by female population aged 15–64; h. data from Natural Resources Canada. Source: OECD in Figures, 2000 Edition.

International comparisons

(International comparisons should be used to gain a general impression only, as there are differences in definition, data collection, and other factors.)

1414

Average weekly earnings1 (in dollars)

1998 1999 % change

Goods producing industries 776.46 775.70 -0.1 Logging and forestry 767.91 774.51 0.9 Mines, quarries and oil wells 1,111.82 1,112.94 0.1 Manufacturing 755.92 755.92 0.0

Non-durable goods 693.92 697.27 0.5 Durable goods 804.30 801.43 -0.4

Construction 697.57 699.92 0.3 Services producing industries 553.87 559.49 1.0

Transportation, communication and utilities 766.68 772.46 0.8

Trade 467.77 472.96 1.1 Finance, insurance and real estate 754.62 762.28 1.0 Community, business and

personal services 507.09 513.60 1.3 Public administration 737.53 740.87 0.5

Industrial aggregate 606.32 610.67 0.7

1 1980 Standard Industry Classification.

Wage settlements1

1996 1997 1998 1999

All industries 0.9 1.6 1.6 2.2 Commercial industries 1.5 2.0 1.8 2.5 Non-commercial industries 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.9

1 Effective annual % increase in base rates. Source: Human Resources Development Canada.

Employment by industry1 (annual averages)

1994 1999 % change

Goods producing sector 3,399,000 3,785,800 11.4 Agriculture 442,000 410,300 -7.2 Forestry, fishing, mining, oil and gas 281,800 267,500 -5.1 Utilities 126,500 115,800 -8.5 Construction 728,500 774,800 6.4 Manufacturing 1,820,300 2,217,400 21.8

Services producing sector 9,712,700 10,745,400 10.6 Trade 2,077,600 2,248,300 8.2 Transportation and warehousing 649,900 744,500 14.6 Finance, insurance and real estate 833,900 862,900 3.5 Professional, scientific and technical

services 641,400 905,000 41.1 Educational services 928,900 982,600 5.8 Health care and social assistance 1,367,700 1,444,400 5.6 Accommodation and food services 807,100 924,800 14.6 Other services 1,565,200 1,858,700 18.8 Public administration 840,900 774,200 -7.9

Total 13,111,700 14,531,200 10.8

1 North American Industry Classification System.

1515

Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices

1997 1998 1999

$ millions

GDP at 1992 constant prices 815,013 842,002 880,254 Annual % change 4.4 3.3 4.5

GDP at current prices 877,921 901,805 957,911

Labour income

1998 1999 % change

$ millions

Agriculture, fishing and trapping 3,846 3,767 -2.1 Logging and forestry 2,984 3,013 1.0 Mines, quarries and oil wells 9,802 9,648 -1.6 Manufacturing 77,562 82,468 6.3 Construction 24,335 26,400 8.5 Transportation, storage,

communication and utilities 37,332 39,160 4.9 Trade 60,633 64,138 5.8 Finance, insurance

and real estate 38,137 40,104 5.2 Community, business and

personal services 134,867 141,937 5.2 Public administration 29,692 30,743 3.5

Labour income1 474,571 498,836 5.1

1 Includes supplementary labour income.

Canada’s gross domestic product at 1992 prices

1616

Consumer Price Index (1992=100)

1996 1997 1998 1999

Annual % change

All items 1.6 1.6 0.9 1.7 Food 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.3 Shelter 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.4 Household operations and furnishing 2.1 1.2 1.5 0.7 Clothing and footwear -0.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 Transportation 3.9 3.1 -0.8 3.3 Health and personal care 0.6 1.7 2.1 1.9 Recreation, education and reading 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.8 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products 2.0 3.1 3.7 2.1

Retail trade, 1999

Trade group Value %

$ millions

Automotive 102,315 39.2 Food 58,889 22.6 General merchandise 29,990 11.5 Clothing and shoes 14,334 5.5 Drug 13,335 5.1 Furniture and appliances 13,654 5.2 Other 28,174 10.8

Total 260,691 100.0

New motor vehicles sold in Canada

1717

Manufacturing industries

1997 1998 1999

$ millions

Shipments 435,031 448,753 490,343 Annual % change 6.9 3.2 9.3

New orders 445,826 456,569 494,656 Month-end inventory 48,126 50,098 54,543

Annual % change 5.1 4.1 8.9 Ratio of inventories owned to

shipments 1.35 1.33 1.32 Month-end unfilled orders 42,457 50,273 54,565

Capacity utilization rates in manufacturing industries

Quarterly operating profits of Canadian enterprises1

1 North American Industry Classification System.

1818

Capital expenditures on construction

1996 1997 % change

$ millions Residential construction 32,575.2 37,406.5 14.8

Single-detached houses 10,874.9 12,161.4 11.8 Semi-detached 802.4 1,054.0 31.4 Apartment and row 3,141.9 3,696.0 17.6 Other 17,755.9 20,494.0 15.4

Non-residential construction 18,437.3 18,407.7 -0.2 Industrial 4,226.6 4,057.2 -4.0 Commercial 6,944.8 7,209.8 3.8 Institutional 4,906.3 4,792.0 -2.3 Other 2,359.7 2,348.6 -0.5

Total building construction 51,012.6 55,814.1 9.4 Total engineering construction 29,275.6 33,864.9 15.7

Total expenditures 80,288.2 89,679.0 11.7

Motor vehicle production

1997 1998 1999

Passenger cars 1,200,205 1,302,065 1,481,538 Trucks and vans 1,207,364 1,050,389 1,253,719

Canadian production 2,407,569 2,352,454 2,735,257

Annual % change 10.4 -2.3 16.3

Source: Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers’ Association.

New investment in plant and equipment

1919

Agriculture

1997 1998 % change

$ millions

Total cash receipts 30,061 29,648 -1.4 - Operating expenses after rebates 23,167 23,398 1.0 = Net cash income 6,895 6,250 -9.3

+ Income in kind 158 152 -3.8 - Depreciation charges 3,598 3,731 3.7 = Realized net income 3,455 2,671 -22.7

+ Value of inventory change -1,043 197 …

= Total net farm income 2,412 2,868 18.9

… not appropriate or not applicable.

Oil and gas extraction industry

1998 1999 % change

Crude oil and equivalent Volume (m3 thousands) 128,401.1 122,447.5 -4.6 Value ($ millions) 12,940.1 18,894.0 46.0

Natural gas Volume (m3 millions) 160,514.5 163,384.4 1.8 Value ($ millions) 10,893.5 13,696.0 25.7

Natural gas by-products Volume (m3 thousands) 26,665.5 26,074.6 -2.2 Value ($ millions) 1,763.1 2,347.3 33.1

Farm operating revenues and expenses, 1998

Number Operating Operating of farms revenues expenses

$ millions Farm type Grain and oilseed 95,495 10,424 8,082 Cattle 63,395 8,541 7,980 Dairy 20,255 4,562 3,429 Hogs 7,175 2,930 2,799 Poultry and eggs 4,210 2,272 1,982 Greenhouse and nursery 3,685 1,572 1,374 Fruit and vegetable 7,860 1,221 1,045 Livestock combination 1,915 745 599 Potato 1,530 693 585 Tobacco 1,720 410 317 Other farm types 22,990 2,081 1,828

Canada, total 230,230 35,447 30,018

2020

Transportation and telecommunications

1997 1998 % change

Airlines ’000,000

Operating revenues ($) 7,128.7 7,464.0 4.7 Operating expenses ($) 6,694.8 7,382.9 10.3 Passengers 24.4 24.6 0.8 Passenger-km 62,479 64,426 3.1 Cargo

Kilograms 450 431 -4.2 Tonne-kilometres 2,059 2,341 13.7

Marine transport Cargo handled at

Canadian ports International (tonnes) 283.8 279.4 -1.6 Domestic (tonnes) 93.4 95.9 2.7

Motor carriers Inter-city trucking

Freight (tonnes) 223.3 233.9 4.8 Tonne-kilometres 130,854 138,090 5.5

Telecommunications Revenue ($) 22,835.9 .. ..

Local ($) 7,396.6 .. .. Long distance ($) 7,520.1 .. ..

Railways Operating revenues ($) 7,887.8 7,574.5 -4.0

Freight ($) 7,067.6 6,786.6 -4.0 Passenger ($) 199.1 207.5 4.2

Freight tonne-km 306,943 299,508 -2.4 Passenger-km 1,515 1,458 -3.8

.. not available.

Passengers flying between Canada and other countries

2121

Trips to Canada of one or more nights

Top 10 countries 1998 1999 % change

Country of residence United States 14,892,000 15,179,900 1.9 United Kingdom 747,300 780,300 4.4 Japan 483,800 516,100 6.7 France 402,000 413,900 3.0 Germany 378,600 392,500 3.7 Taiwan-Formosa 123,200 155,000 25.8 Australia 144,500 152,400 5.5 Hong Kong 147,900 134,100 -9.3 Mexico 111,800 127,000 13.6 Netherlands 110,200 120,800 9.6

International transactions in securities

1997 1998 1999

$ millions Foreign investment in Canadian

securities Bonds (net) 5,495 11,677 4,643 Money market paper (net) 2,766 53 -13,415 Stocks (net) 7,645 13,629 14,063 Total 15,906 25,359 5,290 Canadian investment in foreign

securities Bonds (net) -6,642 -7,064 -2,362 Stocks (net) -5,207 -15,433 -20,536 Total -11,849 -22,497 -22,898

Notes: Net is the "sales to" less the "purchases from" non-residents. A minus sign indicates an outflow of money from Canada.

International travel balances

2222

Federal general government finance, fiscal year 1999-00

$ millions % of total

Revenues Income taxes 108,301 62.8 Consumption taxes 34,940 20.3 Other taxes 1,074 0.6 Contributions to Social Insurance Plans 18,685 10.8 Sales of goods and services 3,730 2.2 Investment income 4,674 2.7 Other revenues 572 0.3 General purpose transfers 532 0.3 Specific purpose transfers 24 0.0

Total revenues 172,532 100.0

Expenditures General government services 6,047 3.6 Protection of persons and property 18,405 10.8 Transportation and communication 1,530 0.9 Health 1,710 1.0 Social services 50,252 29.6 Education 4,434 2.6 Resource conservation and industrial development 6,236 3.7 Environment 1,441 0.8 Recreation and culture 3,050 1.8 Labour, employment and immigration 2,213 1.3 Housing 1,928 1.1 Foreign affairs and international assistance 4,623 2.7 Regional planning and development 439 0.3 Research establishments 1,813 1.1 General purpose transfers 24,260 14.3 Debt charges 41,565 24.5 Other expenditures 20 0.0

Total expenditures 169,966 100.0

Surplus (deficit) 2,566

Interest rates

1996 1997 1998 1999

Bank rate 4.53 3.52 5.10 4.92 Prime rate 6.06 4.96 6.60 6.44 90-day Treasury bills

Average 4.31 3.21 4.74 4.70 End of period 4.21 3.26 4.73 4.72

90-day commercial paper 4.35 3.61 5.05 4.94 Conventional mortgages

1-year 6.19 5.54 6.50 6.80 5-year 7.92 7.07 6.93 7.56

Long-term Canada bonds 7.50 6.42 5.46 5.69

Source: derived from Bank of Canada data.

2323

International trade in goods ($ millions, balance of payments basis)

1997 1998 1999

Exports 301,544 322,517 360,609 Imports 277,751 303,420 326,821

Balance 23,793 19,097 33,788

Major trading partners, 1999

Exports of goods $ millions % United States 309,397 85.8 Japan 9,218 2.6 European Union 18,210 5.1 Other OECD 7,161 2.0 Other countries 16,603 4.6 All countries 360,589 100.0

Imports of goods $ millions % United States 249,325 76.3 Japan 10,594 3.2 European Union 28,432 8.7 Other OECD 13,254 4.1 Other countries 25,216 7.7 All countries 326,821 100.0

Canada’s merchandise trade balance

2424

Exchange rates1

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

US dollar 1.373 1.364 1.384 1.483 1.486 British pound 2.167 2.128 2.268 2.459 2.404 French franc 0.275 0.267 0.238 0.252 0.242 German mark 0.959 0.907 0.799 0.845 0.810 Japanese yen 0.01470 0.01255 0.01145 0.01139 0.01311 Euro … … … … 1.585 C-6 index2 86.82 88.21 88.07 82.70 82.14

1 Canadian dollars per unit. 2 1992=100. A rise in the index indicates an increase in the Canadian dollar; …not appropriate or not applicable. Source: Bank of Canada.

Current account balances

Canada’s investment position with the rest of the world

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