19 questions about textile

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  • Write a one-page description of the job and what interests you about the position. 

  • Describe what makes you qualified for this internship and how you can prepare for the interview. 

  • Opportunities can be found on job websites such as Stylecareers.com; LinkedIn, VelvetJobs, PhilaUniv Careers website or even the Company's website.

Assignment #4 – Internship Research
Due: Tuesday, November 4th

Research an internship opportunity at a company you would like to work for

*** Can be anywhere in the world***

  • A works cited page must be included
  • Double spaced, no more than 12 font

*

Chapter 15

Other Fabrication Methods:
Fabrics from solutions,

fibers, yarns, and fabrics

T101
Survey of the Textile Industry

Christina Rapa

[email protected]

215-490-7999

  • Film

Fabric from Solution:

  • Foam

*

  • Solution extruded through slit or cast on hot drum
  • Hot and clammy unless porous
  • Uniform in appearance & quality
  • May be embossed to resemble leather
  • Water & air impermeable
  • Soil resistant
  • Weak and stiff

Film

Film

Acetate

Nylon

Mylar (Polyester)

Polyethylene

Cellophane (Rayon)

Vinyl (Vinyon)

  • Vinyl films stiffen with dry cleaning & cold
  • Polyurethane films are washable & dry cleanable
  • Do not stiffen in cold weather

Film Types

  • Expanded film: soft, plump, more drapeable, weaker, less abrasion resistant; less resistant to air & water

  • Supported films (coated fabrics): film attached to woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric

Film Types

  • Airy, springy, & lightweight
  • Weak depending on type & weight/thickness
  • Lofty; stiff; warm
  • Padding for upholstery, mattresses, & carpeting

Foam:

  • Tapa cloth
  • Nonwoven
  • Fiberfill
  • Felt
  • Net-like structures

Fabrics from Fibers

  • Textile sheet structures made from fibrous webs bonded through use of resins, thermal fusion, or mechanical means

  • Properties controlled by fiber content, fiber arrangement, & bonding mechanism

Nonwoven or Fiberweb:

  • Dry laid: fibers arranged in random or oriented arrangement; wipes, wicks, quilt backing, laminating/coating base fabrics

  • Wet laid: fibers arranged from slurry of fibers in water; laminating/coating bases, wipes, roofing substrate

Nonwoven Methods

  • Spunbonded: lay continuous filaments on conveyer belt, fused, heat/pressure bonded; carpet backing, geotextiles, envelopes, filters, protective apparel

Nonwoven Methods

Swatch #70-71

  • Hydroentangled (spunlaced): similar to spunbonded, water jets create pattern; apparel & interiors

Nonwoven Methods

  • Meltblown: extruded, broken into short fibers by high speed air, collected on conveyor belt, & bonded; hospital-medical uses; battery separators

  • Spunmelt: combines spun-bonded & melt-blown; bicomponent or biconsitutent web

Nonwoven Methods

VIDEO

  • Needling: needle punched: barbed needles mechanically interlock fibers
  • Chemical adhesive: glues fiber together
  • Heat: melts fibers together at overlap

Bonding Mechanisms

Needle-punch process:
Needle entangling fibers

(a) barbed needle, (b) needle pulling fibers through web, (c) entangled fibers in a web cross section, (d) needle-punched web.

Needle Punch process

Swatch #72

  • Fiberfill: batting, wadding, & fiberfill
  • Characteristics: resilient, lightweight, resist shifting
  • Types: polyester, down, and others

Other Fabrics from Fibers

  • Fusible fiberwebs
  • Felt: fibers interlocked; no grain, does not fray or ravel; stiff; weak; craft & technical uses

Other Fabrics from Fibers

  • Extrude one or more fiber-forming polymers as a film or network of ligaments
  • Tubular net for packaging fruit & vegetables, agricultural nets, & fencing

Net-like Structures

  • Yarns interlaced lengthwise & diagonally; flat or 3-D
  • Good elongation, pliable, curve around edges
  • Apparel trim, interiors, & technical goods

Fabrics from Yarn: Braids

  • Intermeshed yarns with open space between/around solid areas
  • Embroidered, knit, crocheted, netted, bobbin, etc.
  • Classified by technique & appearance
  • Hand or machine process

Fabrics from Yarn: Lace

Schiffli Embroidery
& Chemical Lace

Swatch #73 Eyelet Embroidery

  • Cordonnet or re-embroidered lace with yarn or cord outlining design

Cordonnet Lace

Battenberg Lace

  • Brass bobbins carry the thread and twist around warp yarns to form the lace fabric

Bobbin Lace

  • Brass bobbins carry the thread and twist around warp yarns to form the lace fabric

Bobbin Lace

VIDEO

Composite Fabrics

  • Composite fabrics: fabrics that combine several structures into a single structure
  • Advantages: interesting texture; light weight & warm; more body; less wrinkling; quick to produce; stable if well done
  • Disadvantages: may separate, off-grain; differential shrinkage; sags; bulky; stiff
  • Combine characteristics of film with textile fabric
  • Film attached by
  • Lamination (film adhered to fabric by melting)
  • Calendaring (film hot calendered onto fabric)
  • Coating (fluid hot film applied by knife or roll)
  • Other methods

Coated Fabrics

  • Very fine, microporous polymer on surface
  • Water vapor permeable; waterproof; windproof, breathable

Poromeric fabrics:

Columbia Omni-Dry®

Coated Fabric: Synthetic Leather

Swatch #100 Coated Fabric

  • Needlepunched fabrics of microfibers combined with resin coating & nonfibrous polyurethane

Suedelike Fabrics

  • Add surface fiber with adhesive for all-over pile effect
  • Mechanical process
  • Electrostatic process

Flocked Fabric

Swatch #101 Flocked Fabric

  • Yarn stitched onto fabric to create pile-like look. Usually back-coated to lock yarns in place
  • Upholstery: imitation velvet types
  • Carpet: most common type on market; gauge, face weight, and grin-through (related to tuft density)

Tufted Fabric

Tufted Carpet

Tufting Process

  • Also known as knit-through
  • Warp knitting machines use needles to interlace fibers or yarns to lock in-laid yarns in place

Stitch Bonded Fabric

  • 2 layers of fabric combined with combined; bulky, warm, decorative
  • Thread quilting: type of stitch & length affect durability
  • Pinsonic: ultrasonic fuses thermoplastic layers together
  • Chemical adhesive printed in pattern for quilted effect

Quilted Fabrics

  • Ultrasonic fuses thermoplastic layers together

Quilted Fabrics: Pinsonic

  • Tanned skin/hide of mammal, reptile, fish, bird
  • Skin varies in quality, thickness, & grain
  • Classification based on animal source
  • Tanning: chemical finish to make skin pliable, water & rot resistant
  • Other processes: bleach, dye, emboss, print, glaze, board
  • Care: leather cleaning method

Leather

Leather Cross section

  • Splits: top grain, first split, & second split
  • Suede: brushed
  • Grain sueded leather (nubuk) napped on grain side

Leather Types

  • Skin with hair attached
  • Quality varies
  • Characteristics: minimal shedding, firmly attached hairs; soft; pliable; odor-free; long & lustrous guard hair with dense, full underhairs
  • Care: furrier method; special storage required

Fur