history help . answer the following questions

History 109 Spring 2014

Midterm Exam Updated!!!

Directions 1. Be sure to use a number two pencil to fill out your scantron. Make sure the

bubbles are clearly marked and that only one bubble is marked for each question. Questions that have two bubbles selected will be marked wrong.

2. Be sure to mark your answers on the exam itself by circling the letter of the appropriate response (a,b,c,d). Check your answers on the exam and scantron to make sure they match.

3. Make sure your NAME is on BOTH the scantron and essay, along with the CRN # of the course.

Thank you, and good luck!

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read carefully and CHOOSE THE BEST answer (25 points)

1. Why did Native Americans seek out relationships with the Colonists? a. To sell land b. To go give away food c. To enlist them in an alliance against their own enemies d. To learn how to grow corn, beans, and squash

2. How does the meaning and value of Wampum change with the arrival of the colonists?

a. Colonial technology allowed for a drastic increase in the production of Wampum, lowering its value and transforming into a form of currency

b. Wampum was outlawed by the colonists because it tied Indian confederacies together

c. Wampum ceases to exist d. Wampum is exported to Europe

3. Who defended Captain Preston in the Boston Massacre case? a. Jonathan Oliver b. Thomas Hutchinson c. John Adams d. Sam Adams

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4. During the early colonial period in Virginia slaves a. Commonly worked alongside their masters and were more likely to be

emancipated than at later periods in colonial history b. Lived in a highly segregated society and rarely achieved freedom c. Were treated radically different than indentured servants because they

were African and not European d. Worked exclusively in tobacco fields, while masters and indentured

servants worked at the skilled trades

5. Washington accepted General Cornwallis’ sword when surrendering at Yorktown due to respect for military tradition and honor even though they had been enemies

a. True b. False

6. By “fundamental law,” Americans meant that constitutions a. Were the principal laws produced by the government and from which all

other laws were derived b. Existed before, independently of, and binding to standing governments c. Reflected the structure a balanced government, where powers are equally

divided between executive, legislative, and judicial branches d. Were the collected body of laws that had evolved overtime and formed the

basis of government

7. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense played a key roll in convincing American colonists to declare independence by

a. Challenging the legitimacy of monarchy-hereditary rule as a system of governance and the dangers of majoritarian tyranny in Parliament

b. Casting the colonists’ struggle in “millennial terms” of world significance and arguing their ability to establish a monarchical empire that could rival the British on a global scale

c. Arguing that the colonists could successfully fight a war of independence against the British Empire and that their rights and property would be better protected outside of it

d. Arguing that the colonists could defeat the British Empire, as well as the French and Spanish empires, if they intervened to defend British colonial power

8. The Virginia Plan proposed a. Representation in Congress be on an equal basis b. Representation in Congress be an equal basis in the Senate and

proportional basis in the House of Representatives c. A two-house legislature and proportional representation d. A one-house legislature and equal representation

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9. A Society with Slaves a. Is a society where slave labor is central to the functioning of the economy b. A society where divisions between slaves and non-slaves are highly rigid

and policed by government officials and sanctions c. A society where slave labor is one of many forms of labor and marginal to

the functioning of the economy d. A society where slaves are clearly distinct from indentured servants

10. During the early colonial period the British government a. Exercised a policy of rigid oversight and control through the power of

royally appointed governors b. Engaged in a policy of free trade to advance the mercantilist aims of the

British empire c. Exercised strong control through trade polices and custom officials that

closely regulated colonial commerce d. Engaged in a policy of “salutary neglect” that gave the colonies

considerable political and economic freedom

11. The Second Continental Congress first sought out commercial relationships instead of political-military alliances with European powers because

a. They had no way to entice European powers into military alliances and so had to settle for commercial alliances

b. They felt that trade and credit were far more important than military support over the long term

c. They feared that military alliance with European powers may result in the colonies’ subjugation to new European powers if the British were defeated

d. They feared being dragged into a war that would have to be fought on European soil as well as American soil

12. The French and Indian War was primarily caused by a struggle for control of the Mississippi Valley

a. True b. False

13. John Jay’s negotiations with the Spanish a. Angered northern merchants that wanted to protect their monopoly over

trade b. Angered southern planters and backcountry settlers who wanted access to

the Mississippi River c. Angered southern states by recognizing Spanish territorial claims to the

Tennessee River Valley d. Angered southern planters who wanted to protect the tobacco and rice

market in the states

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14. The Nationalists of the 1780s distrusted state governments because a. Many were negotiating treaties with foreign powers and raising

professional state armies b. They were taxing the people to heavily and were engaging in interstate

trade wars c. They frequently resorted to printing paper money and debt relief schemes

to manage their financial problems d. They were composed of colonial elites that were insensitive to the

demands of the popular majority

15. The Battle of Bunker Hill is considered an important early victory for the colonists because they were able to maintain their position against a superior British force even though they sustained heavy causalities

a. True b. False

16. Following American Independence most Northern states a. Abolished slavery outright b. Failed to abolish slavery in order to preserve the union c. Instituted a variety of means for the gradual abolition of slavery d. Failed to abolish slavery because it was no longer significant to their

societies or economies and did not want to anger the South

17. Inflation during the revolutionary period was primarily caused by a. Independent artisans and workers’ associations hoarding goods b. The Continental Army seizing supplies from local citizens c. Merchants’ inability to import goods d. Congress and the states flooding the economy with printed money

18. The French-American of 1778 alliance was made possible by a. The Americans agreeing to fight all land engagements against the British,

if the French fought the global naval war b. Both parties agreeing not to form any separate treaty with the British and

to fight until American independence was achieved c. The French promising only to retake control of their previous possessions

in North America but claim no new territory d. The willingness of the Spanish to intervene against the British

19. The First Continental Congress was: a. A convention of colonial representatives called by British authorities to

address recent conflicts over taxation and representation b. An informal convention that brought together colonists from twelve

colonies to address concerns about trade, taxation, and representation

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c. A convention of formal delegations representing the majority of colonies called to devise a unified response to the Intolerable Acts

d. A convention of colonial representatives called to form non-importation societies in response to the Stamp Act

20. The “balance of power” in the Revolutionary War clearly favored the British at the outset but one major advantage the Americans had was

a. A “citizen army” composed of local-militias vs. a professional army that fought for pay alone

b. A well-established system of roads and supply lines to move troops and resources rapidly

c. In order to win the war the Americans did not have to conquer the British but just keep their army alive and in the field

d. A massive army of Spanish troops to tie-up the British in the South

21. The primary purpose of the Tea Act was to increase the price of tea in the colonies to raise revenue to pay for colonial defense

a. True b. False

22. The Three-Fifths Clause of the Constitution a. Allowed three-fifths of slaves to vote b. Gave slave masters extra votes for three-fifths of their slaves c. Counted three-fifths of all slaves for representation and taxation purposes d. Ended in 1808

23. The Slave Trade Clause gave Congress power over slavery because a. It allowed them to regulate the international slave trade after twenty years b. It allowed them to abolish slavery in the states c. It allowed them to put an end to the return of fugitive slaves d. It allowed them to tax imported slaves at 50% of their value

24. The New Jersey Plan for representation a. Made representation proportional in the Senate b. Made representation proportional in the House c. Made representation equal in the Senate d. Made representation equal in the legislature

25. The plan that formed the foundation of the Great Compromise originated from what state delegation

a. Massachusetts b. South Carolina c. New York

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d. Connecticut

Essay Questions: Answer ONE of the following questions (5 points each)

1. Describe the key events that defined the crisis (1763-1776) between the colonies and the British Crown and Parliament and their role in bringing about the American Declaration of Independence. You must discuss at least 3 specific events or developments that escalated the conflict and led to independence in order to be eligible for full credit.

2. Discuss the powers of Congress under the Articles of Confederation and why they were insufficient to address the many challenges the United States faced in the 1780s. In order to eligible for full credit, you must discuss at least three challenges and the powers Congress would have needed in order resolve them.

3. Discuss the conflict over representation at the Constitutional Convention and how it was ultimately resolved through the Great Compromise. To be eligible for full credit, you must discuss the two principal opposing plans on representation, cite at least one argument by proponents of each plan, and describe the compromise plan that resolved the conflict.

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