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final_cheat_sheet.docx

1. What does the letter t represent in the following: t(58) = 2.001, p (Points : 2)

       test statistic        t-value        degrees of freedom        significance level

Question 2. 2. What does the number 2.001 represent in the following: t(58) = 2.001, p (Points : 2)

       test statistic        t-value        degrees of freedom        significance level

Question 3. 3. A measure of how different two groups are from one another is the __________. (Points : 2)

       error size        significance level        effect size        mean scores

Question 4. 4. When computing effect size, the sample size is ________. (Points : 2)

       used in the denomenator        not taken into account        used in the numerator        sometimes taken into account

Question 5. 5. If you want to examine one group of subjects under two different conditions, which statistical techniques should you select? (Points : 2)

       Regression        Dependent samples t-test        Analysis of Variance        Independent samples t-test

Question 6. 6. What is another name that statisticians talk about dependent tests? (Points : 2)

       Regression        Correlation        Repeated Measures        Group Differences

Question 7. 7. In the formula that computes a t value, what does nSD represent? (Points : 2)

       sum of the difference between groups        sum of the means for group one        sum of the means for group two        sum of the squared differences

Question 8. 8. The test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the ___________. (Points : 2)

       cricial value        significance level        obtained value        p value

Question 9. 9. If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do? (Points : 2)

       reject the null hypothesis        accept the null hypothesis        accept the research hypothesis        decrease your p value

Question 10. 10. How many subjects were examined based on the following: t(29) = 2.001, p (Points : 2)

       29        30        31        32

Question 11. 11. What is another name for a dependent samples t-test? (Points : 2)

       Single sample        Double sample        Paired sample        Freed sample

Question 12. 12. Which of the following represent degrees of freedom? (Points : 2)

       fd        df        d        f

Question 13. 13. What is the numerator of the t-test for Dependent means formula? (Points : 2)

       SD        n        M1-M2        SD2 (n-1)

Question 14. 14. In the equation t (78) = 1.03, p (Points : 2)

       test statistic        degrees of freedom        obtained value        alpha level

Question 15. 15. Which of the following is the same as t2 when examining the difference between two groups? (Points : 2)

       F        t        Cohen's d        F2

Question 16. 16. What type of ANOVA is used when there is only one type of treatment or grouping factor with more than two levels? (Points : 2)

       One-way        Two-way        Three-way        Four-way

Question 17. 17. If you wanted to examine whether the level of parental involvement differs based on students' grade in school (i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.), what is the dependent variable of interest? (Points : 2)

       Grade level        Students        Parents        Level of parent involvement

Question 18. 18. Which of the following is the formula for computing the F statistic? (Points : 2)

       F = MSbetweem / MSwithin        F = SSbetweem / SSwithin        F = MSwithin / MSbetweem        F = SSwithin / SSbetweem

Question 19. 19. The variability between groups is due to ______________. (Points : 2)

       chance        the grouping factor        the F ratio        the level of the dependent variable

Question 20. 20. When you compute the sum of the differences between each individual score and the group mean, you have calculated the _____________. (Points : 2)

       MS within        SS within        MS between        SS between

Question 21. 21. When interpreting F (2, 27) = 8.80, p   (Points : 2)

       30        27        3        2

Question 22. 22. When interpreting F (2, 27) = 8.80, p   (Points : 2)

       30        29        3        2

Question 23. 23. In a 4 x 3 factorial design, there are how many levels of the second grouping factor? (Points : 2)

       3        4        7        12

Question 24. 24. ANOVA first tests for an overall difference between the means. This is known as what type of test? (Points : 2)

       omnibus        pluribus        omnivorous        omnibor

Question 25. 25. ANOVA with replication is also known as ___________. (Points : 2)

       Repeated measures        Between group design        Mixed design        One-way ANOVA

Question 26. 26. When type of design includes an ANOVA where one factor is repeated and the other is not? (Points : 2)

       Repeated design        Between groups design        Mixed design        One-way ANOVA

Question 27. 27. When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor, what is this called? (Points : 2)

       Interaction effect        Factor effect        Level effect        Main effect

Question 28. 28. Results from an ANOVA are placed in what type of table? (Points : 2)

       ANOVA table        Source table        Effects table        Output table

Question 29. 29. Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects gender and SES ( high SES and low SES) on a test of student achievement? (Points : 2)

       One-way ANOVA        2 x 2 ANOVA        Multivariate ANOVA        3 x 2 ANOVA

Question 30. 30. When you are interested in finding out if students' achievement level changes over time as result of a reading intervention, what type of ANOVA would you use? (Points : 2)

       Repeated measures        Between groups design        Mixed design        One-way ANOVA

Question 31. 31. What type of ANOVA would examine effects of political party (eg. democrat, republican, or independent) affiliation and gender on the attitudes toward the death penalty? (Points : 2)

       2 x 2 ANOVA        3 x 2 ANOVA        3 x 2 x 1 ANOVA        3 x 3 ANOVA

Question 32. 32. Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects gender and school type (i.e. elementary, middle, high school) on a scale of student attitudes toward learning? (Points : 2)

       2 x 2 ANOVA        3 x 3 ANOVA        2 x 3 ANOVA        Simple ANOVA

Question 33. 33. The effect of one factor is called the _____________. (Points : 2)

       interaction effect        main effect        differential effect        experimental effect

Question 34. 34. How many null hypotheses are used in a 2 x2 factorial ANOVA? (Points : 2)

       1        2        3        4

Question 35. 35. Measures which occur at the same time are known as what type of measures? (Points : 2)

       predictive        longitudinal        concurrent        consecutive

Question 36. 36. What is another term for a positive correlation? (Points : 2)

       indirect        nondirectional        direct        unidirectional

Question 37. 37. Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis for testing a correlation coefficient? (Points : 2)

       H1: rxy = 0        H1: rxy > 0        H0: rxy = 0        H0: rxy > 0

Question 38. 38. The level of risk or Type I error typically set for testing the level of significance of a correlation coefficient is which of the following? (Points : 2)

       .01        .05        .95        .99

Question 39. 39. Which of the following types of reliability correlates scores on a single measure on two different occasions? (Points : 2)

       test-retest        inter-rater        parallel forms        internal consistency

Question 40. 40. If the correlation between two variables is .496, how much of the variance has not been accounted for? (Points : 2)

       24.6%        49.6%        50.4%        75.4%

Question 41. 41. If a research hypothesis does not predict the direction of a relationship, the test is __________. (Points : 2)

       one-tailed        two-tailed        direct        positive

Question 42. 42. If a simple Pearson correlation value = .512, what percentage of variance is accounted for? (Points : 2)

       26%        49%        51%        74%

Question 43. 43. If a simple Pearson correlation value = .362, what percentage of variance is unaccounted for? (Points : 2)

       25%        36%        56%        85%

Question 44. 44. If a simple Pearson correlation value = .75, what percentage of variance is unaccounted for? (Points : 2)

       25%        44%        56%        75%

Question 45. 45. What statistical technique is used to make predictions of future outcomes based on present data? (Points : 2)

       Analysis of variance        Repeated measures        Linear regression        Correlational analysis

Question 46. 46. Which of the following symbols is associated with the predicted score in the regression equation? (Points : 2)

       X        Y        a        b

Question 47. 47. Which of the following symbols is associated with the slope in the regression equation? (Points : 2)

       X        Y        a        b

Question 48. 48. Which of the following symbols is associated with the y-intercept in the regression equation? (Points : 2)

       X        Y        a        b

Question 49. 49. How would you represent the predicted score of Y based on a known value of X? (Points : 2)

       y        y-intercept        Y'        Y = Xa

Question 50. 50. Which of the following determines the direction of the regression line? (Points : 2)

       intercept        predicted score        criterion score        slope

Question 51. 51. What must be used to examine an outcome that is predicted from two independent variables? (Points : 2)

       Multivariate regression        Multiple regression        Simple regression        Complicated regression

Question 52. 52. In the multiple regression formula, what does X2 represent? (Points : 2)

       value of the second dependent variable        value of the second independent variable        value of the criterion variable        value of the predicted score

Question 53. 53. If the correlation between X and Y is equal to -1.0, what do we know about the prediction of Y by X? (Points : 2)

       It's negative        It's postive        It's perfect        It's direct

Question 54. 54. If you are trying to predict Y scores from X scores, X is referred to as the __________. (Points : 2)

       nominal variable        dependent variable        predictor variable        criterion variable

Question 55. 55. The general formula for a regression line is ________. (Points : 2)

       a2 + b2 = c2        aX + b = Y        bX + a = Y'        dX + a = Y'

Question 56. 56. Which of the following is the symbol for summation? (Points : 2)

       D        h        c        S

Question 57. 57. Which of the following is the most commonly used nonparametric test? (Points : 2)

       t-test        ANOVA        Chi-Square        Mann-Whitney

Question 58. 58. A one-sample chi-square is also known as ________. (Points : 2)

       Goodness of fit test        Test of independence        Wilcoxon rank        Mann-Whitney

Question 59. 59. A two-sample chi-square is also known as ________. (Points : 2)

       Goodness of fit test        Test of independence        Wilcoxon rank        Mann-Whitney

Question 60. 60. If you have 100 respondents identifying their gender, what would the expected frequency be for each category? (Points : 2)

       25        50        75        100

Question 61. 61. Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare two independent samples? (Points : 2)

       Mann-Whitney        Wilcoxon rank        Spearman rank        Kolmogorov-Smirnov

Question 62. 62. Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare the magnitude and direction of differences between two groups? (Points : 2)

       Mann-Whitney        Wilcoxon rank        Spearman rank        Fisher's exact

Question 63. 63. Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the degrees of freedom for a one-sample chi-sqaure? (Points : 2)

       n - 1        n - 3        r - 1        r - 3

Question 64. 64. If there are three categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom? (Points : 2)

       0        1        2        3

Question 65. 65. Nonparametric statistics is known as _______________. (Points : 2)

       non-normal statistics        distribution-free statistics        skewed distribution statistics        parametric statistics

Question 66. 66. Which of the following advanced procedures is characterized by the use of more than one dependent variable? (Points : 2)

       ANOVA        ANCOVA        MANOVA        Repeated Measures ANOVA

Question 67. 67. Which of the following procedures can be utilized to examine within groups change over time? (Points : 2)

       ANOVA        ANCOVA        MANOVA        Repeated Measures ANOVA

Question 68. 68. If you want to equalize initial differences between two groups before examining group difference, what procedure would you use? (Points : 2)

       ANOVA        ANCOVA        MANOVA        Repeated Measures ANOVA

Question 69. 69. Which of the following is sometimes referred to as an "umbrella" term for techniques such as Regression, Path Analysis, and Factor Analysis? (Points : 2)

       MANOVA        EFA        ANOVA        SEM

Question 70. 70. If a researcher wants to examine the direction of a relationship between two variables such that he/she posits that one variable causes the other, what type of statistical procedure would be used? (Points : 2)

       Correlation        ANOVA        MANOVA        Path Analysis

Question 71. 71. Of the following, which procedure is sometimes referred to as a "data reduction" method as it allows a researcher to explore how items on a particular measure cluster together? (Points : 2)

       Correlation        Factor Analysis        Path Analysis        MANOVA

Question 72. 72. When is MANOVA most appropriate to use? (Points : 2)

       one DV        two IVs and one DV        two or more DVs        more than three IVs

Question 73. 73. In what type of ANOVA, is there one factor on which participants are tested more than once? (Points : 2)

       Analysis of Covariance        Repeated Measures        Multivariate Analysis        Path Analysis

Question 74. 74. Which of the following statistical techniques is used when values of more than one variable are used to predict the value of another variable? (Points : 2)

       ANOVA        EFA        MANOVA        Mutliple Regression

Question 75. 75. What is Cronbach's alpha used to assess? (Points : 2)

       mean differences        change over time        internal consistency        relationships among factors