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Central Group Presentation Nepal, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh

Jennifer Gill, Bruce Rash, Joshua Williams, Kevin Goss, Eboni Frederick-Pett, Eilea Delgadillo

Political/economic geography

Political and Economic Geography – Himachal Pradesh

Key Facts:

GNP per capita: $375

70 % of people work in agriculture

A success story of investment leading to greater prosperity

Comprised of 30 princely states before 1947

In 1947 became province, then state in Indian Republic

Map of Cash Crops in Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh

Agriculture: 45% GDP

Most important economic sectors:

Agriculture

Power (hydropower)

Industry

Governor: Raj Bhavan

Founded:  25th January, 1971

Political parties:

Indian National Congress

Bhartiya Janata Party

Himachal Lokhit Party

Independent Parties

Political and Economic Geography – Uttarakhand

Key facts:

GNP per capita: $240

Tourism a large part of economy:

Pilgrimmages to numerous holy sites, Hill Stations and wildlife reserves draw vacationers in summer

27th state of India: Carved out of 13 northern districts of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh

Map of Tourist sites, religious places, and National Parks in Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand

Formed on 11/9/00 as the 27th State of India

Economy relies mainly on tourism and agriculture

Economic growth is also tied to:

Mineral resources

Industry

Real Estate

Fishing

Political parties:

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Indian National Congress (INC)

Governor: Aziz Qureshi

Political and Economic Geography - Nepal

Key facts:

GNP per capita: $200

Heavily dependent on remittances: 22- 25% of total GDP

70 % of people work in agriculture

United in 1768 by Prithvi Narayan Shah

Rana dynasty usurps power from 1846 to 1953, hereditary control of government positions

Timeline of major events in Nepali politics

1953-1996: Failed attempts at constitutional monarchy based on that of Britain

1996 – 2006: Civil War, Maoist Insurgency fights to end constitutional monarchy and establish democratic republic

2008: Monarchy was abolished and democratic republic was established

Nepal

Monarchy until May 2008

Now a Republic

President: Ram Baran Yadav

Prime minister: Sushil Koirala

GDP Per Capita (2012): $1300

GDP composition by sector:

agriculture: 38.1%  industry: 15.3%  services: 46.6% (2012 est.)

Political parties:

Nepali Congress

Communist Party of Nepal

Sources

The Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook – South Asia: Nepal. n.d. Accessed 22 July 2014. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/np.html

Himachal Pradesh Government, India. Himachal Pradesh The Official Website. Economic Survey of

Himachal Pradesh 2013-2014. n.d. Accessed 22 July 2014.

http://admis.hp.nic.in/himachal/economics/pdfs/ESEng2013-14_A1b.pdf

“Nepal Profile.” BBC News South Asia. 22 January 2014. Accessed 22 July 2014.

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12499391

Uttarakhand Government portal. Welcome to Uttarakhand. 22 July 2014. Accessed 22 July 2014.

http://uk.gov.in/home/index1

“Uttarakhand Economy.” Maps of India.com. 4 Mar. 2013. Accessed 22 July 2014.

http://www.mapsofindia.com/uttarakhand/government/economy.html

Zurick, David. Illustrated atlas of the Himalaya. India Research Press. 2006. p 5, 15.

Planning Commision. Government of India. Himachal Pradesh: A profile. (n.d).Accessed 22 July 2014. http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_hp/sdr_hpch1.pdf

Maps and Images in Order of Appearance:

Cover map: National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN,

GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp.

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/himachalpradesh/himachalpradeshagriculture.htm

http://www.mapsofindia.com/uttarakhand/travel/

http://www.nepalvista.com/features/history/

Physical geography

General Ecology

4 extremely diverse biomes

Terai

The Hills

The Central Valleys

The Midlands and mountain area

http://www.greatholidaysnepal.com/images/nepal-map.jpg

Agriculture

Principle cereal crops

Rice

Maize

Wheat

Millet

Cash crops

Sugarcane

Potato

Oilseed

Tea

Cardamom

Fruit

Tropical fruit

Citrus, mango, banana, guava

Temperate fruit

Apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry

Livestock

Cattle

Buffalo

Sheep

Goat

Poultry

http://www.ldcom.com/files/9113/5475/5868/oilseed_case_LARGE.jpg

Conservation Efforts

Environmental degradation

Protected areas

National parks

National reserves

Conservation areas

Local initiatives

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/wildlife/uttaranchal-wildlife-map.gif

Sources

Kumari, Priti, Lalit M. Tewari, and Bibhesh K. Singh. "Biodiversity in Uttrakhand Himalaya Region." Nature and Science 7.3 (2009): 113-25. Sciencepub. 17 Feb. 2009. Web. 23 July 2014.

"LiveStock Demography." Official Website Of Department of Animal Husbandry Govt. Of Uttarakhand. Department of Animal Husbandry, Government Of Uttarakhand, India, 2013. Web. 23 July 2014.

Metz, John J. "A Reassessment of the Causes and Severity of Nepal's Environmental Crisis." World Development 19.7 (1991): 805-20. Web. 21 July 2014.

"Nepal Biodiversity Strategy." Convention on Biological Diversity. His Majesty's Government of Nepal, 2002. Web. 21 July 2014.

"Nepal." SD : People : Asia's Women in Agriculture, Environment and Rural Production :. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, n.d. Web. 21 July 2014.

Tessari, Filippo. "Nepal's Natural Resources." Eni Scuola. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, n.d. Web. 21 July 2014.

"WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT." Uttarakhand Forest Government of Uttarakhand. Forest Department, Government of Uttarakhand, n.d. Web. 23 July 2014.

Cultural geography Indigenous Medicine

Medical and Aromatic Plants

MAPs are cultivated as a sustainable revenue source for the people of Uttarakhand

Cash crops in the mountain region have been declining for the past few decades (1)

MAPs cultivation of wild plants allows the locals to make a living on existing natural resources

Traditional Uses

There are very few medical centers in the rural Central Himalaya region (2)

Most of the people are dependent on Vaidhyas (traditional herbal practitioners) for treating diseases and ailments (2)

Besides Vaidyas, elder villagers have sound knowledge about medicinal values of at least one plant (2)

Species are very often used for common diseases like cough, cold, fever, viral fever, headache, stomachache, diarrhea, dysentery, minor wounds and cuts. (2)

Cultivation

Bhotia people gather plants from their native habitat careful not to collect plants that are infested with insects or pests; or that suffer from hail damage, sunstroke, fire, floods, high velocity winds or toxicity. The plants are also gathered based other criteria the height, maturity, branch patterning, and morphological characteristics. These measures are taken to prevent medicinal plants from dying off in their natural habitat (3)

Indigenous knowledge is key to the survival of the indigenous populations and sustainable development in the Central Himalaya region(3)

Sources

1. Chauhan, R. S. (2010). Socioeconomic Improvement through Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) Cultivation in Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 647-658.

2. Phondani, P. (2009). Medicinal Plants Used in the Health Care System Practiced by Traditional Vaidyas in Alaknanda Catchment of Uttarakhand, India. Uttarakhand: G.B. Plant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development.

3. Samal, P. K., Dhyani, P. P., & Dollo, M. (2010). Indigenous medicinal practices of Bhotia tribal community in Indian. Indian Journal Of Traditional Knowledge, 140-144.

Photos in order of appearance:

http:// paramparik.blogspot.com/2013/12/vomiting-would-come-on-medicinal-rice.html

http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbalgram/issue70/article2969.html http:// www.downtoearth.org.in/content/forgotten-healers

Cultural geography

Nepal

Estimated population about 26 million

Original inhabitants mostly migrated from Northern India’s Garwhal and Kashmir

Majority of population is located in Central Highlands

As of 2008, Nepal was host to 130,000 refugees from China and Bhutan, though the government later restricted this population to 7 refugee camps throughout the country, and most were not permitted to work in Nepal.

Major languages are Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolian & various indigenous languages

Major religion is Hindu

Himachal Pradesh

Least urbanized state in India, 90% of population lives in rural areas.

Official language is Hindi, however most of the population speaks Pahari

Due to terrain, the state has remained largely isolated until recent developments in technology.

Area is widely known for its art & crafts: leatherwork, textiles, paintings, woodwork, etc.

One of the highest ranked states for literacy in India

Uttarakhand

Widely known as a capital for Hindu temples and pilgrimage sites in Northern India

20th most populated state in India

Two major native populations: Garwhali and Kumaoni, based on two distinct geocultural regions in the state

Known for classic Hindi literature and folk dance

Central Events Cultural news for central himalaya

Urban Central Himalaya

Urban Center Population Literacy Kathmandu 975,000 90% Dehradun 714,000 86% Biratnagar 700,000 79% Portland, OR 603,000 97%

Western Nightlife, Music, Dancing, Film & Art

Rafting, Water Parks, Kayaking (Not just Trekking!)

Kathmandu Live Music ends at 10:00 PM!

Current Events in Mid-2014 (Headlines in Central Himalaya/Nepalese Newspapers)

First Lot of Anti-Snake Venom Arrives Today It’s Snake Season!!! Kathmandu

Adulterated Engine Oil Sellers Arrested - Trio mixed substandard material into motor oil

Two Chinese Copters Violated Uttarakhand LAC April and June 2014 China Violated Air Space

2nd Quake This Week Hits Pithoragarh - Uttarakhand 4.5 Quake - Darma, Johar Valleys on Alert

Current Events in Mid-2014

Himachal Pradesh Lashed by Rains, Snow Temperature Dips

24 Hyderabad Engineering Students Drown Hydro-electric Dam Managers Didn’t Warn of Water Release, Criminal Charges Likely

Women Empowerment in Forest Development Agencies in Himachal Pradesh Women Given Greater Role in Forest Dev.

Sources

The Himalayan Times http://thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=First+lot+of+anti-snake+venom++arriving+in+Capital+today&NewsID=421717 http://thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Adulterated++engine+oil++sellers+arrested&NewsID=422066

ZEE News http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttarakhand/no-let-up-in-rains-in-uttarakhand_949151.html http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttarakhand/two-chinese-choppers-entered-uttarakhand-in-april-june_947565.html http://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/heavy-downpour-lash-himachal-pradesh_947977.html http://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/24-hyderabad-students-feared-drowned-in-himachal-ndrf-teams-rush-to-rescue_938024.html

International Journal of Farm Sciences 2014 http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/ojs/index.php/IJFS/article/view/2223